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<p>The rapid adoption of remote work has transformed organizational operations, introducing complex cybersecurity vulnerabilities that demand rigorous scholarly investigation. This systematic literature review (SLR) critically examines cybersecurity risks in remote work environments by synthesizing findings from 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024. Employing the PRISMA framework for transparency and rigor, the review integrates both qualitative and quantitative evidence using a convergent thematic synthesis approach. The analysis reveals a multifaceted threat landscape encompassing human factors, technical vulnerabilities, and organizational shortcomings. Key risks include phishing, social engineering, device misuse, insecure Wi-Fi and VPN usage, and policy non-compliance. Human behavior emerges as a predominant risk vector, exacerbated by limited training, misuse of remote autonomy, and blurred personal-professional boundaries. Organizational challenges—such as rushed digital transitions, shadow IT practices, and poor communication of cybersecurity protocols—further aggravate the threat matrix. The review also incorporates critical appraisal using MMAT, CASP, and JBI tools to ensure methodological soundness and bias mitigation. Synthesis tables distill findings into thematic clusters, providing actionable insights into risk categories and mitigation strategies. Proposed recommendations emphasize cybersecurity training, device and network hygiene, policy alignment, zero-trust frameworks, and continuous monitoring. This study contributes a comprehensive evidence base for scholars and practitioners navigating remote work cybersecurity. It advocates for adaptive, behavior-aware strategies to strengthen digital resilience, highlighting the need for future research on quantum, AR/VR, and blockchain technologies in remote settings. As remote work persists, cybersecurity must evolve accordingly to safeguard organizational integrity and continuity.</p>

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Investigating the cybersecurity risks of remote work: a systematic literature review of organizational vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月27日

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  • Mohammad Nizamuddin

摘要

The rapid adoption of remote work has transformed organizational operations, introducing complex cybersecurity vulnerabilities that demand rigorous scholarly investigation. This systematic literature review (SLR) critically examines cybersecurity risks in remote work environments by synthesizing findings from 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024. Employing the PRISMA framework for transparency and rigor, the review integrates both qualitative and quantitative evidence using a convergent thematic synthesis approach. The analysis reveals a multifaceted threat landscape encompassing human factors, technical vulnerabilities, and organizational shortcomings. Key risks include phishing, social engineering, device misuse, insecure Wi-Fi and VPN usage, and policy non-compliance. Human behavior emerges as a predominant risk vector, exacerbated by limited training, misuse of remote autonomy, and blurred personal-professional boundaries. Organizational challenges—such as rushed digital transitions, shadow IT practices, and poor communication of cybersecurity protocols—further aggravate the threat matrix. The review also incorporates critical appraisal using MMAT, CASP, and JBI tools to ensure methodological soundness and bias mitigation. Synthesis tables distill findings into thematic clusters, providing actionable insights into risk categories and mitigation strategies. Proposed recommendations emphasize cybersecurity training, device and network hygiene, policy alignment, zero-trust frameworks, and continuous monitoring. This study contributes a comprehensive evidence base for scholars and practitioners navigating remote work cybersecurity. It advocates for adaptive, behavior-aware strategies to strengthen digital resilience, highlighting the need for future research on quantum, AR/VR, and blockchain technologies in remote settings. As remote work persists, cybersecurity must evolve accordingly to safeguard organizational integrity and continuity.