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<p>The Kakitagawa River, located southeast of the base of Mt. Fuji&#xa0;in&#xa0;Japan, is mostly sustained by deep groundwater. An analysis of long-term monitoring data over the 35&#xa0;years from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan (MLIT), revealed a slight increasing trend in total phosphorus (TP), whereas total nitrogen (TN) showed a decreasing trend accompanied by&#xa0;increases&#xa0;in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO).&#xa0;The observed trends cannot be explained by a single process but likely reflect a combination of subsurface nutrient transport, groundwater discharge, and&#xa0;precipitation-related inputs. This study emphasizes the influence of deep groundwater on the long-term chemical dynamics of groundwater-fed river systems in volcanic regions, with reference to the associated biological activities within the river system. These findings complement recent studies on nutrient inputs from shallow groundwater in human-impacted systems.</p>

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Long-term trends in water chemistry in a groundwater-fed river: the Kakitagawa River, Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Kenji Kato,
  • Akihiro Takeuchi,
  • Daisuke Une,
  • Keita Kurashima,
  • Atsushi Kubo

摘要

The Kakitagawa River, located southeast of the base of Mt. Fuji in Japan, is mostly sustained by deep groundwater. An analysis of long-term monitoring data over the 35 years from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan (MLIT), revealed a slight increasing trend in total phosphorus (TP), whereas total nitrogen (TN) showed a decreasing trend accompanied by increases in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). The observed trends cannot be explained by a single process but likely reflect a combination of subsurface nutrient transport, groundwater discharge, and precipitation-related inputs. This study emphasizes the influence of deep groundwater on the long-term chemical dynamics of groundwater-fed river systems in volcanic regions, with reference to the associated biological activities within the river system. These findings complement recent studies on nutrient inputs from shallow groundwater in human-impacted systems.