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<p>Although tropical estuaries are globally recognized as biodiversity hotspots, seasonally resolved studies of zooplankton communities remain scarce, particularly in South Asia. Here, we present a multivariate baseline assessment of zooplankton dynamics and their environmental drivers in the brackish mid-estuarine reach of Sangu River estuary, Bangladesh, based on systematic surveys at two stations with three sampling points (<i>n</i> = 6 sampling locations) during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods. Zooplankton were collected using standard horizontal tows with 335&#xa0;μm mesh nets and identified to major taxonomic groups. Eleven zooplankton groups were recorded, with copepods comprising up to 65% of total abundance. Monsoon conditions led to pronounced declines in richness and diversity (Margalef’s index: 1.5) despite the highest total abundance (~ 460 ind./m<sup>3</sup>), while pre- and post-monsoon periods supported greater community stability (Margalef’s index: 2.1; Shannon–Wiener index: 2.0). Multivariate analyses, including hierarchical clustering, NMDS, Mantel tests, RDA, and PCA identified nutrients, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and suspended solids as key drivers of seasonal community structure. These findings highlight the role of monsoon-driven hydrological and physicochemical shifts in shaping estuarine biodiversity. By establishing a multivariate ecological baseline for the estuary, this study provides crucial insights for regional and global efforts in zooplankton biodiversity monitoring and integrated estuarine management, especially as tropical estuaries face escalating anthropogenic and climate pressures.</p>

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Monsoon-driven zooplankton dynamics in the mid-estuary of the Sangu River, Bangladesh: a multivariate approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Md. Mostafa Monwar,
  • Md. Royhanur Islam,
  • Ataher Ali,
  • Pooja Das,
  • Md Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan

摘要

Although tropical estuaries are globally recognized as biodiversity hotspots, seasonally resolved studies of zooplankton communities remain scarce, particularly in South Asia. Here, we present a multivariate baseline assessment of zooplankton dynamics and their environmental drivers in the brackish mid-estuarine reach of Sangu River estuary, Bangladesh, based on systematic surveys at two stations with three sampling points (n = 6 sampling locations) during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods. Zooplankton were collected using standard horizontal tows with 335 μm mesh nets and identified to major taxonomic groups. Eleven zooplankton groups were recorded, with copepods comprising up to 65% of total abundance. Monsoon conditions led to pronounced declines in richness and diversity (Margalef’s index: 1.5) despite the highest total abundance (~ 460 ind./m3), while pre- and post-monsoon periods supported greater community stability (Margalef’s index: 2.1; Shannon–Wiener index: 2.0). Multivariate analyses, including hierarchical clustering, NMDS, Mantel tests, RDA, and PCA identified nutrients, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and suspended solids as key drivers of seasonal community structure. These findings highlight the role of monsoon-driven hydrological and physicochemical shifts in shaping estuarine biodiversity. By establishing a multivariate ecological baseline for the estuary, this study provides crucial insights for regional and global efforts in zooplankton biodiversity monitoring and integrated estuarine management, especially as tropical estuaries face escalating anthropogenic and climate pressures.