Incomplete genital mutilation ensures nearly perfect paternity in an orb-web spider
摘要
During sexual conflict, females are often compelled to mate with males despite the potential harm the males may cause them to ensure paternity. Males suppress the females’ re-mating potential by removing the scapus, a projection on the females’ external genitalia (i.e., external female genital mutilation [EFGM]). The present study is the first report of EFGM in the orb-web spider Cyclosa mulmeinensis, marking it as the sixth known species to exhibit this trait. Notably, although most oviposited females had mutilated genitalia, some mated females were unmutilated. To investigate whether mated females with a scapus retain the ability to re-mate, we examined the relationship between the number of insertions and the occurrence of EFGM in unmated females. The results showed that a minimum of two insertions were inevitable to complete EFGM. Additionally, females without a scapus had completely unsuccessful re-matings. Moreover, the frequency of successful mating in mated females with a scapus was significantly decreased compared to that of unmated females, indicating a sufficiently suppressed re-mating ability even when the scapus has not been fully removed.