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<p>This study investigates the use of Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag as a partial cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by mass in normal concrete (NCC) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes. Fresh concrete properties, including slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel tests were evaluated to assess workability and self-compacting behavior. Hardened properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were examined to determine the structural performance of both concrete mixes. The results indicated that LD slag exhibits cementitious characteristics that enhance the mechanical properties of concrete, with optimal performance at a 10% replacement. Beyond this level, further replacement led to a gradual decline in strength due to changes in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and matrix heterogeneity. Microstructural analysis revealed that SCC mixes developed a denser ITZ and greater formation of calcium silicate hydrate gels compared to NCC, contributing to a more homogeneous microstructure and higher strength. One-way ANOVA results confirmed that LD slag replacement had a statistically significant influence on the mechanical and non-destructive properties of the concrete mixes. Additionally, partial cement replacement with LD slag effectively reduced the Cradle-to-Site embodied carbon of the concrete, highlighting its potential for sustainable construction.</p>

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Effect of linz–donawitz slag on strength, microstructure and low carbon efficiency of self-compacting concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • MK Diptikanta Rout,
  • Bheem Pratap,
  • Punyamayee Pattanaik,
  • Bibhu Prasad Mishra

摘要

This study investigates the use of Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag as a partial cement replacement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by mass in normal concrete (NCC) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes. Fresh concrete properties, including slump flow, L-Box, and V-funnel tests were evaluated to assess workability and self-compacting behavior. Hardened properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were examined to determine the structural performance of both concrete mixes. The results indicated that LD slag exhibits cementitious characteristics that enhance the mechanical properties of concrete, with optimal performance at a 10% replacement. Beyond this level, further replacement led to a gradual decline in strength due to changes in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and matrix heterogeneity. Microstructural analysis revealed that SCC mixes developed a denser ITZ and greater formation of calcium silicate hydrate gels compared to NCC, contributing to a more homogeneous microstructure and higher strength. One-way ANOVA results confirmed that LD slag replacement had a statistically significant influence on the mechanical and non-destructive properties of the concrete mixes. Additionally, partial cement replacement with LD slag effectively reduced the Cradle-to-Site embodied carbon of the concrete, highlighting its potential for sustainable construction.