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<p>Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and recycling are effective solution for the municipal solid waste management issues in Thailand. This study investigated quantitative impacts from improperly operated material recovery facilities (MRF) systems. Operational performance evaluations were conducted by field survey and literature review. Greenhouse gas emissions were evaluated with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model while infiltration flux was simulated using Visual Help model. Economic assessments quantified the opportunity costs of suboptimal recovery and potential maximum exposure of local communities via market based agricultural valuation. Beyond traditional site observations, this research introduces a tri-axial assessment of RDF focused MRFs, providing an integrated analysis of processing efficiency, leachate generation risks, and economic viability in the region. The results revealed a gap between administrative guidelines and field practices at the study sites. Sites with high accumulated residual waste and poor recovery had significant environmental and economic impacts, resulting in a maximum economic damage cost of 648.5&#xa0;million THB (19.7&#xa0;million USD), the highest opportunity cost of 49.5&#xa0;million THB (1.51&#xa0;million USD), a maximum infiltration rate of 537.403&#xa0;mm/year and 31,881 tons of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions annually. These findings could be used to support policy decisions and management planning of municipal solid waste.</p>

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Integrated assessment of environmental, economic, and operational impacts of improperly operated MRF systems in Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Nine Yawai Phyo Ei,
  • Thammasak Rojviroon,
  • Jarudej Asingsamanunt,
  • Vitharuch Yuthawong,
  • Suchat Leungprasert,
  • Nattapon Leeabai

摘要

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and recycling are effective solution for the municipal solid waste management issues in Thailand. This study investigated quantitative impacts from improperly operated material recovery facilities (MRF) systems. Operational performance evaluations were conducted by field survey and literature review. Greenhouse gas emissions were evaluated with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model while infiltration flux was simulated using Visual Help model. Economic assessments quantified the opportunity costs of suboptimal recovery and potential maximum exposure of local communities via market based agricultural valuation. Beyond traditional site observations, this research introduces a tri-axial assessment of RDF focused MRFs, providing an integrated analysis of processing efficiency, leachate generation risks, and economic viability in the region. The results revealed a gap between administrative guidelines and field practices at the study sites. Sites with high accumulated residual waste and poor recovery had significant environmental and economic impacts, resulting in a maximum economic damage cost of 648.5 million THB (19.7 million USD), the highest opportunity cost of 49.5 million THB (1.51 million USD), a maximum infiltration rate of 537.403 mm/year and 31,881 tons of CO2-equivalent emissions annually. These findings could be used to support policy decisions and management planning of municipal solid waste.