<p>In recent years, geotechnical engineering has experienced a surge of interest in sustainable and environmentally responsible soil improvement technologies. Out of these, bio-cementation using calcium phosphate compounds (hereinafter referred to as CPCs) has emerged as a promising and novel approach for soil stabilization. Unlike conventional methods that may contribute to environmental concerns, CPC-based bio-cementation offers multiple benefits, including environmental compatibility, non-toxicity, self-setting behavior, and the potential for material recycling. Moreover, the application of CPCs mitigates the issue of ammonium pollution commonly associated with ureolytic pathways, positioning this technique as a more sustainable alternative. However, there are unexplored sites of this technology that remain to be found out. It is essential to evaluate whether the multifaceted CPC bio-cement can feasibly provide a robust skeletal framework for soils, while aligning with greener concepts, akin to the structural role that bones play in humans and animals. Originally developed for biomedical applications, CPCs were first introduced to geotechnical engineering in 2010, yet their full potential remains underexplored. This review holistically examines the technical performance, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability of CPCs as soil binders. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research and application trends, this study aims to establish a foundational understanding of CPC-based bio-cementation and assess its viability as a green binder for future geotechnical applications. The review concludes with strategic recommendations to guide future researchers and foster the industrial advancement of CPC in the field of geotechnical engineering.</p>