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<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are frequently detected in landfill leachate before treatment due to their widespread use and subsequent disposal in landfill. Effective treatment technologies for PFASs are essential to mitigate their environmental impact. This study assessed PFAS removal from landfill leachate using granular activated carbon (GAC) using laboratory-scale column tests and a full-scale leachate treatment plant. Among 34 analytes, 10 PFAS compounds were selected for removal behavior analysis, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonic acid. Column experiments assessed the breakthrough profiles of PFAS at different flow rates, while field monitoring provided operational data under realistic conditions. Short-chain PFAS exhibited earlier breakthrough than long-chain PFAS, and PFSAs were retained more effectively than PFCAs at the same chain length. Our results indicated that hydrophobic interactions were the dominant removal mechanism. Lower flow rate enhanced PFAS adsorption onto GAC in laboratory-scale experiments, highlighting the importance of contact time. UV<sub>254</sub> absorbance showed a moderate positive correlation with PFAS removal, suggesting its potential as an operational indicator under certain conditions. Thus, PFAS adsorption onto GAC is influenced by the molecular structure, hydrophobicity, and operational conditions, offering insights into treatment performance under controlled and practical settings.</p>

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Analysis of Long-Term removal of perfluoroalkyl substances from landfill leachate using a granular activated carbon treatment plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Akihiro Hara,
  • Junko Ono,
  • Rina Adachi,
  • Arisa Banno,
  • Koji Ito,
  • Hidenori Matsukami,
  • Kazuto Endo,
  • Yoshinori Yabuki

摘要

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are frequently detected in landfill leachate before treatment due to their widespread use and subsequent disposal in landfill. Effective treatment technologies for PFASs are essential to mitigate their environmental impact. This study assessed PFAS removal from landfill leachate using granular activated carbon (GAC) using laboratory-scale column tests and a full-scale leachate treatment plant. Among 34 analytes, 10 PFAS compounds were selected for removal behavior analysis, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonic acid. Column experiments assessed the breakthrough profiles of PFAS at different flow rates, while field monitoring provided operational data under realistic conditions. Short-chain PFAS exhibited earlier breakthrough than long-chain PFAS, and PFSAs were retained more effectively than PFCAs at the same chain length. Our results indicated that hydrophobic interactions were the dominant removal mechanism. Lower flow rate enhanced PFAS adsorption onto GAC in laboratory-scale experiments, highlighting the importance of contact time. UV254 absorbance showed a moderate positive correlation with PFAS removal, suggesting its potential as an operational indicator under certain conditions. Thus, PFAS adsorption onto GAC is influenced by the molecular structure, hydrophobicity, and operational conditions, offering insights into treatment performance under controlled and practical settings.