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<p>A material balance study of legacy waste from two dumpsites in Kolkata and Howrah identified “Good Earth” as the dominant recoverable fraction. This study evaluates physicochemical properties, nutrient content, biological effects, heavy metal bioaccumulation, and associated human health risks of Good Earth material. Seven heavy metals i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analysed. The Pollution Load Index ranged from 3.56 to 4.72, indicating considerable contamination, particularly from Zn. The Potential Ecological Risk Index values (200.7–279.9) suggested a moderate level of ecological risks. The leaching profile of good earth indicated low heavy metal mobility with manageable risks from As, Cd, and Zn through stabilization or blending. Bioassay results demonstrated enhanced biomass growth with increasing proportions of good earth, achieving optimal performance at a 60% good earth-to-soil ratio. Bioaccumulation studies revealed negligible root-to-shoot translocation of Zn and Ni within plants. However, health risk assessment, accounting for ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, indicated no significant risks for either adults or children. Overall, Good Earth exhibits strong potential for reuse in biomass cultivation for renewable energy production, offering a viable resource recovery option rather than direct agricultural application due to its heavy metals content.</p>

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Landfill biomined good earth: a sustainable soil enhancement resource for non-edible biomass cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Nabanita Ghosh,
  • Tumpa Hazra,
  • Anupam Debsarkar

摘要

A material balance study of legacy waste from two dumpsites in Kolkata and Howrah identified “Good Earth” as the dominant recoverable fraction. This study evaluates physicochemical properties, nutrient content, biological effects, heavy metal bioaccumulation, and associated human health risks of Good Earth material. Seven heavy metals i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analysed. The Pollution Load Index ranged from 3.56 to 4.72, indicating considerable contamination, particularly from Zn. The Potential Ecological Risk Index values (200.7–279.9) suggested a moderate level of ecological risks. The leaching profile of good earth indicated low heavy metal mobility with manageable risks from As, Cd, and Zn through stabilization or blending. Bioassay results demonstrated enhanced biomass growth with increasing proportions of good earth, achieving optimal performance at a 60% good earth-to-soil ratio. Bioaccumulation studies revealed negligible root-to-shoot translocation of Zn and Ni within plants. However, health risk assessment, accounting for ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure, indicated no significant risks for either adults or children. Overall, Good Earth exhibits strong potential for reuse in biomass cultivation for renewable energy production, offering a viable resource recovery option rather than direct agricultural application due to its heavy metals content.