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<p>Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD), which combines food waste (FW) and excess sludge (ES), is widely researched and applied due to its low energy use and clean energy potential. However, allicin in food waste and system instability often hinder AcoD’s effectiveness. This study investigates how coke regulates anaerobic AcoD of FW and ES under garlic stress. The results showed that adding coke improved system stability and substrate conversion efficiency. It also maintained high microbial activity, increased coenzyme F<sub>420</sub> activity by 65%, reduced necrotic and senescent cell content, and sped up cell metabolism. Furthermore, coke enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, promoted organic phosphorus conversion to inorganic phosphorus, accelerated inorganic phosphorus release, and improved phosphorus cycling by increasing the abundance of phosphorus metabolism-related genes (<i>phoB</i>, <i>gcd</i>, <i>ppx</i>, <i>ppa</i>, <i>pstS</i>). Coke enhanced the systemic energy metabolism by regulating carbon flow allocation and up-regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, methane metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. It also increased the interspecies electron transfer-related genes by 37%, further enhancing energy conversion efficiency. These results provide new insights into alleviating the inhibitory effects of garlic in food waste on AcoD and offer theoretical basis for practical engineering.</p>

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Coke facilitation of co-anaerobic digestion of excess sludge and food waste: insights into performance, microbial community, and potential mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月8日

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  • Lixin Wei,
  • Yuchen Wang,
  • Guangrong Zhou,
  • Lipeng Wu,
  • Shutong Dong,
  • Jieying Liu,
  • Tingting Huang,
  • Yongan Chen,
  • Yu-Xiang Lu,
  • Chengyuan Su

摘要

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD), which combines food waste (FW) and excess sludge (ES), is widely researched and applied due to its low energy use and clean energy potential. However, allicin in food waste and system instability often hinder AcoD’s effectiveness. This study investigates how coke regulates anaerobic AcoD of FW and ES under garlic stress. The results showed that adding coke improved system stability and substrate conversion efficiency. It also maintained high microbial activity, increased coenzyme F420 activity by 65%, reduced necrotic and senescent cell content, and sped up cell metabolism. Furthermore, coke enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, promoted organic phosphorus conversion to inorganic phosphorus, accelerated inorganic phosphorus release, and improved phosphorus cycling by increasing the abundance of phosphorus metabolism-related genes (phoB, gcd, ppx, ppa, pstS). Coke enhanced the systemic energy metabolism by regulating carbon flow allocation and up-regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, methane metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. It also increased the interspecies electron transfer-related genes by 37%, further enhancing energy conversion efficiency. These results provide new insights into alleviating the inhibitory effects of garlic in food waste on AcoD and offer theoretical basis for practical engineering.