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<p>The mill scale, a significant byproduct of the steel industry, has been utilized for the synthesis of red (hematite) and yellow (goethite) pigments with specific morphologies and chemistries for use in flexographic ink. In the recovery process, calcination temperatures of 750 °C and 900 °C, along with pH levels of acidic (YP-2) and alkaline (YP-12) conditions, resulted in two distinct shades of red and yellow pigments, respectively. Characterization of the morphologies and chemistries of the recycled pigments were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The results indicated the spherical particles in YP-2, which demonstrated better optical density (O.D.) of the ink without altering the viscosity parameters. The FTIR, surface area and SEM analyses revealed a higher presence of non-stoichiometric hydroxyl groups with spherical morphology, higher pH stability, and specific surface area, leading to improve dispersibility in water-based ink for YP-2 pigment and decrease the band gap to 2.3 eV (from 2.7 eV for rod-shape in YP-12). A lower calcination temperature for the red pigment resulted in a narrower size distribution of particles, enhancing O.D. and producing desirable color properties in flexographic ink.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influence of the chemistry and morphology of recycled iron oxide pigments on the colorimetric properties of flexographic ink

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Arash Ghazitabar,
  • Maryam Ataeefard,
  • Zahra Moradi,
  • Malek Naderi

摘要

The mill scale, a significant byproduct of the steel industry, has been utilized for the synthesis of red (hematite) and yellow (goethite) pigments with specific morphologies and chemistries for use in flexographic ink. In the recovery process, calcination temperatures of 750 °C and 900 °C, along with pH levels of acidic (YP-2) and alkaline (YP-12) conditions, resulted in two distinct shades of red and yellow pigments, respectively. Characterization of the morphologies and chemistries of the recycled pigments were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The results indicated the spherical particles in YP-2, which demonstrated better optical density (O.D.) of the ink without altering the viscosity parameters. The FTIR, surface area and SEM analyses revealed a higher presence of non-stoichiometric hydroxyl groups with spherical morphology, higher pH stability, and specific surface area, leading to improve dispersibility in water-based ink for YP-2 pigment and decrease the band gap to 2.3 eV (from 2.7 eV for rod-shape in YP-12). A lower calcination temperature for the red pigment resulted in a narrower size distribution of particles, enhancing O.D. and producing desirable color properties in flexographic ink.

Graphical Abstract