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<p>This study systematically explores intrinsic sulfur transformations in biochar derived from the marine macroalgae <i>Ulva australis</i> at pyrolysis temperatures of 350, 550, and 750&#xa0;°C and their impact on nickel (Ni) adsorption. Comprehensive analyses (FT-IR, XPS, BET, elemental analysis) demonstrated significant sulfur species transitions from sulfate-dominated at lower temperatures to elemental sulfur, sulfide, and thiophenic sulfur at higher temperatures. These transformations correlate directly with increased carbonization, aromaticity, and specific surface area (SSA), particularly at 750&#xa0;°C (313.39 m<sup>2</sup>/g). High-temperature biochar (ULV750) showed superior Ni adsorption capacity (96.8 ± 3.8&#xa0;mg/g), primarily via precipitation and inner-sphere complexation mechanisms of Ni(OH)₂, supplemented by Ni–S interactions mediated by residual sulfur functionalities. This work uniquely highlights intrinsic sulfur transformations, offering insights for optimizing pyrolysis conditions to utilize naturally sulfur-rich biomass for environmental remediation.</p>

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Intrinsic sulfur transformation in seaweed-derived biochar: chemical speciation and the subsequent impact on nickel adsorption at varying pyrolysis temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Su-yeon Jin,
  • Jae Hac Ko

摘要

This study systematically explores intrinsic sulfur transformations in biochar derived from the marine macroalgae Ulva australis at pyrolysis temperatures of 350, 550, and 750 °C and their impact on nickel (Ni) adsorption. Comprehensive analyses (FT-IR, XPS, BET, elemental analysis) demonstrated significant sulfur species transitions from sulfate-dominated at lower temperatures to elemental sulfur, sulfide, and thiophenic sulfur at higher temperatures. These transformations correlate directly with increased carbonization, aromaticity, and specific surface area (SSA), particularly at 750 °C (313.39 m2/g). High-temperature biochar (ULV750) showed superior Ni adsorption capacity (96.8 ± 3.8 mg/g), primarily via precipitation and inner-sphere complexation mechanisms of Ni(OH)₂, supplemented by Ni–S interactions mediated by residual sulfur functionalities. This work uniquely highlights intrinsic sulfur transformations, offering insights for optimizing pyrolysis conditions to utilize naturally sulfur-rich biomass for environmental remediation.