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<p>The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified environmental concerns over express packaging waste. This study presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three packaging systems commonly used in China: Corrugated Cardboard Box (CCB), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), and Plastic Waterproof Bag (PB), which are based on 1.68 million shipment records. The assessment uses 1.0 kg of parcels as the functional unit and examines six midpoint indicators, including climate change, toxicity, and fossil resource scarcity. Results show that PB has the lowest climate change&#xa0;(CC) impact (0.06 kg CO₂-eq), while EPS has the highest (0.63 kg CO₂-eq) and contributes most to terrestrial ecotoxicity (1.55 kg 1,4-DCB-eq). Although CCB benefits from recycled content, emissions from adhesives and inks reduce its advantage. The production stage dominates the life cycle impact, accounting for up to 64.10% of CC. End-of-life treatment, especially poor recyclability, significantly affects toxicity. Sensitivity analysis indicates that auxiliary materials such as tapes and labels can raise CC by up to 9.96%, with tape usage variations contributing 2.26%. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing both packaging structure and auxiliary components for the sustainable delivery industry.</p>

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The environmental burden of online shopping: life cycle assessment of ambient temperature express delivery packaging

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Teng Meng,
  • Yinpu Wang,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Zheng Cao,
  • Qidong Han,
  • Xuanlong Qin

摘要

The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified environmental concerns over express packaging waste. This study presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three packaging systems commonly used in China: Corrugated Cardboard Box (CCB), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), and Plastic Waterproof Bag (PB), which are based on 1.68 million shipment records. The assessment uses 1.0 kg of parcels as the functional unit and examines six midpoint indicators, including climate change, toxicity, and fossil resource scarcity. Results show that PB has the lowest climate change (CC) impact (0.06 kg CO₂-eq), while EPS has the highest (0.63 kg CO₂-eq) and contributes most to terrestrial ecotoxicity (1.55 kg 1,4-DCB-eq). Although CCB benefits from recycled content, emissions from adhesives and inks reduce its advantage. The production stage dominates the life cycle impact, accounting for up to 64.10% of CC. End-of-life treatment, especially poor recyclability, significantly affects toxicity. Sensitivity analysis indicates that auxiliary materials such as tapes and labels can raise CC by up to 9.96%, with tape usage variations contributing 2.26%. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing both packaging structure and auxiliary components for the sustainable delivery industry.