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<p>This study examined the resource efficiency between 2000 and 2021 in South Korea, based on resource productivity and circularity. Resource productivity over the period increased up to 70%, indicating that relative decoupling between economic growth and resource consumption occurred. Resource circularity has also continually gone up to 200%, while final disposal rate decreased by 44% in the period. Resources recycling has enabled large savings of natural raw materials used for production in industry. In this study, the results of material flow analysis (MFA) for seven key sectors focused by Korea Circular Economy Action Plan (Korea-CEAP), revealed that resource recovery rates of the waste materials varied and relatively low for high-quality secondary materials. Several challenges and barriers towards a circular economy were identified and discussed by economic, social, technical, and regulatory aspects. To overcome such barriers, we suggest to enhance circular activities, including the applications of digital technologies.</p>

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Resource efficiency and circularity of waste materials towards a circular economy in South Korea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Yong-Chul Jang,
  • Choong Real Baek,
  • Chonghee Lee,
  • Kyunghoon Choi,
  • Youngsun Kwon,
  • Hakyun Song,
  • Junaid Khan,
  • Howon Lee,
  • Hwidong Kim

摘要

This study examined the resource efficiency between 2000 and 2021 in South Korea, based on resource productivity and circularity. Resource productivity over the period increased up to 70%, indicating that relative decoupling between economic growth and resource consumption occurred. Resource circularity has also continually gone up to 200%, while final disposal rate decreased by 44% in the period. Resources recycling has enabled large savings of natural raw materials used for production in industry. In this study, the results of material flow analysis (MFA) for seven key sectors focused by Korea Circular Economy Action Plan (Korea-CEAP), revealed that resource recovery rates of the waste materials varied and relatively low for high-quality secondary materials. Several challenges and barriers towards a circular economy were identified and discussed by economic, social, technical, and regulatory aspects. To overcome such barriers, we suggest to enhance circular activities, including the applications of digital technologies.