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<p>The recovery of NCM (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>y</sub>Mn<sub>1-x-y</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, abbreviated as NCM) cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries is a research hotspot in resource recycling field. Nevertheless, due to aluminum impurities mixed in raw materials, Li(I) and Al(III) ions are easy to combine to form water-insoluble LiAlO<sub>2</sub> during reduction, affecting Li(I) ions’ water-leaching efficiency. In this study, the LiAlO<sub>2</sub> formation environment is analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that there is generally less spontaneity in the reaction of Li (I) ions with aluminum monomers compared to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and the introduction of CO<sub>2</sub> can inhibit Li-Al-O substance production. Li-Al binding experiments show that there is almost no direct reaction between Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and aluminum monomers, but under Ar atmosphere, Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can easily lead to Li-Al binding, a kinetic analysis considers that binding is controlled by chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 57.78&#xa0;kJ/mol, and the activation energy increases to 88.028&#xa0;kJ/mol with CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. Under reduced optimization conditions (reduction temperature: 500&#xa0;°C, time: 6&#xa0;h, and m<sub>NCM</sub>: m<sub>Al</sub> = 1: 0.25), the carbonation water-leaching efficiency can reach 95.1% for Li(I) ions and less than 1% for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Al(III) ions. Thus, this work offers a theoretical basis for the industrial Li(I) ions’ recovery from aluminum-containing NCM materials.</p>

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Spent lithium-ion battery recycling: investigation into the inhibition and separation between Li(I) and Al(III) ions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Wen-bo Lou,
  • Dong-yan Liu,
  • Da Zhao,
  • Yun Wang,
  • Zi-cheng Sun,
  • Yi Zou,
  • Xiao-wei Niu,
  • Quan-guo Cheng,
  • Jian-zhong Li,
  • Hong-hui Liu

摘要

The recovery of NCM (LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, abbreviated as NCM) cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries is a research hotspot in resource recycling field. Nevertheless, due to aluminum impurities mixed in raw materials, Li(I) and Al(III) ions are easy to combine to form water-insoluble LiAlO2 during reduction, affecting Li(I) ions’ water-leaching efficiency. In this study, the LiAlO2 formation environment is analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that there is generally less spontaneity in the reaction of Li (I) ions with aluminum monomers compared to Al2O3, and the introduction of CO2 can inhibit Li-Al-O substance production. Li-Al binding experiments show that there is almost no direct reaction between Li2CO3 and aluminum monomers, but under Ar atmosphere, Li2CO3 and Al2O3 can easily lead to Li-Al binding, a kinetic analysis considers that binding is controlled by chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 57.78 kJ/mol, and the activation energy increases to 88.028 kJ/mol with CO2 atmosphere. Under reduced optimization conditions (reduction temperature: 500 °C, time: 6 h, and mNCM: mAl = 1: 0.25), the carbonation water-leaching efficiency can reach 95.1% for Li(I) ions and less than 1% for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Al(III) ions. Thus, this work offers a theoretical basis for the industrial Li(I) ions’ recovery from aluminum-containing NCM materials.