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<p>This study investigates the potential of decentralized composting as a sustainable approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. A door-to-door (D2D) survey was conducted across 110 households, categorized into five socioeconomic groups, resulting in the collection of 770 waste samples over one week. The average waste generation rate was found to 0.89&#xa0;kg/household/day, with per capita generation at 0.253&#xa0;kg/day. Biodegradable waste constituted over 70% of total waste across all groups, underscoring the potential for composting. A knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) survey revealed that 74% of residents were unaware of MSW management, and 88% had a positive attitude towards source segregation. The decentralized composting method involved household-level composting, the resulting compost was analysed for physicochemical and nutrient properties. The compost met or exceeded the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) standards, with ideal pH (6.69), EC (1.178 dS&#xa0;m⁻<sup>1</sup>), and C: N ratio (8.3:1). Heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were well within permissible limits, with Cd below detection levels, indicating minimal contamination. The study’s novelty lies in integrating socioeconomic profiling with decentralized compost quality assessment, providing actionable data for localized MSW strategies. The findings support decentralized composting as a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally sound complement to centralized systems.</p>

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Decentralized composting for biodegradable waste in Indian cities: assessment of socioeconomic impacts, compost quality, and sustainability in urban waste management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Rama Bhupal Reddy Donthi,
  • Bhavani Ramannagari

摘要

This study investigates the potential of decentralized composting as a sustainable approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. A door-to-door (D2D) survey was conducted across 110 households, categorized into five socioeconomic groups, resulting in the collection of 770 waste samples over one week. The average waste generation rate was found to 0.89 kg/household/day, with per capita generation at 0.253 kg/day. Biodegradable waste constituted over 70% of total waste across all groups, underscoring the potential for composting. A knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) survey revealed that 74% of residents were unaware of MSW management, and 88% had a positive attitude towards source segregation. The decentralized composting method involved household-level composting, the resulting compost was analysed for physicochemical and nutrient properties. The compost met or exceeded the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) standards, with ideal pH (6.69), EC (1.178 dS m⁻1), and C: N ratio (8.3:1). Heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were well within permissible limits, with Cd below detection levels, indicating minimal contamination. The study’s novelty lies in integrating socioeconomic profiling with decentralized compost quality assessment, providing actionable data for localized MSW strategies. The findings support decentralized composting as a scalable, low-cost, and environmentally sound complement to centralized systems.