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<p>This study demonstrated the recycling of fine-grained calcareous sludge for the hydrothermal synthesis of ECO-RSHA, an adsorbent suitable for the removal of Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ from industrial effluent. Characterization using X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis revealed the growth of ECO-RSHA crystals along the c-axis, forming rod-shaped particles. In experiments, adsorption performance was assessed as a function of synthesis temperature (303–323&#xa0;K), contact time (1–180&#xa0;min), and sorbent dosage (1–6&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup>). ECO-RSHA synthesized under optimal conditions achieved maximum nitrogen adsorption–desorption of 70.05 cm<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, a specific surface area of 297.20 cm<sup>3</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> STP, and maximum adsorption capacity of 30.41&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. In experiments treating Cu<sup>2+</sup>-contaminated wastewater (200&#xa0;mg L<sup>−1</sup>) at 30°C, a moderate ECO-RSHA dosage of 6&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup> was sufficient to remove 99% of the Cu<sup>2+</sup> within 40&#xa0;min. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of Cu<sup>2+</sup> on ECO-RSHA was a spontaneous exothermic reaction with kinetics best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. These results highlight the efficacy of the proposed ECO-RSHA as an eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of Cu<sup>2+</sup> from wastewater.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable synthesis of rod-shaped hydroxyapatite from calcareous sludge for copper adsorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Ya-Wen Lin,
  • Sheng-Yuan Peng,
  • Kae-Long Lin

摘要

This study demonstrated the recycling of fine-grained calcareous sludge for the hydrothermal synthesis of ECO-RSHA, an adsorbent suitable for the removal of Cu2⁺ from industrial effluent. Characterization using X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis revealed the growth of ECO-RSHA crystals along the c-axis, forming rod-shaped particles. In experiments, adsorption performance was assessed as a function of synthesis temperature (303–323 K), contact time (1–180 min), and sorbent dosage (1–6 g L−1). ECO-RSHA synthesized under optimal conditions achieved maximum nitrogen adsorption–desorption of 70.05 cm3 g−1, a specific surface area of 297.20 cm3 g−1 STP, and maximum adsorption capacity of 30.41 mg g−1. In experiments treating Cu2+-contaminated wastewater (200 mg L−1) at 30°C, a moderate ECO-RSHA dosage of 6 g L−1 was sufficient to remove 99% of the Cu2+ within 40 min. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of Cu2+ on ECO-RSHA was a spontaneous exothermic reaction with kinetics best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. These results highlight the efficacy of the proposed ECO-RSHA as an eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ from wastewater.

Graphical Abstract