Objective <p>Malnutrition in hemodialysis patients is a risk factor for mortality, and appropriate nutritional assessment and management are necessary to prevent malnutrition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between nutritional status and nutrient and food-group-specific intake status in hemodialysis patients.</p> Methods <p>A total of 955 hemodialysis outpatients who attended one hospital were enrolled. Survey items included basic attributes, blood biochemical test results, dietary intake status, and nutritional assessment (NRI-JH; nutritional index for Japanese hemodialysis patients, the Nutritional Risk Index-Japanese Hemodialysis). Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze changes in NRI-JH over one year as an outcome.</p> Results <p>A total of 335 patients were included in the analysis. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, bean intake above the 75th percentile of the population was associated with a significantly lower odds ratio of improvement in the NRI-JH over time (odds ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.14–0.88). In contrast, higher intake of seasonings and spices (Q2–Q4) was positively associated with improvement in NRI-JH. While moderate intake of fats and oils was positively associated with improved NRI-JH, no dose–response relationship was observed.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that excessive consumption of beans may not be advisable. Optimal intake levels require further investigation.</p>