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Background <p>The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) with <sup>18</sup>F, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and a combination of conventional computed tomography and bone scintigraphy (CT/BS) for the detection of recurrent lesions in patients with prostate cancer with rising PSA levels following initial definitive treatment.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective study used part of the dataset from a previous phase 2 study conducted between February 2019 and March 2022, which evaluated the detection efficacy of <sup>18</sup>F-FSU-880 PSMA-PET/CT in 72 patients with suspected recurrent prostate cancer after definitive treatment. Of these, 35 patients (age 56–82&#xa0;years, PSA level 0.24–40.00&#xa0;ng/ml) who underwent both PSMA-PET/CT and WB-MRI were reviewed by six radiologists. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were compared using McNemar’s test, and positive predictive value was compared using Fisher’s exact test.</p> Results <p>Total 132 true-positive prostate cancer lesions were detected in 23 of 35 patients (66%). The sensitivity of PSMA-PET/CT (100%) was significantly higher than those of both WB-MRI (57%) and CT/BS (32%) in the per-patient analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.002 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). In the per-lesion analysis, the sensitivity of PSMA-PET/CT (88%) was significantly higher than those of WB-MRI (44%) and CT/BS (6%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively).</p> Conclusions <p><sup>18</sup>F-FSU-880 PSMA-PET/CT showed a more favorable diagnostic performance, especially in terms of sensitivity, than WB-MRI and CT/BS in detecting recurrent disease in patients with prostate cancer after definitive treatment.</p>

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18F-PSMA-PET/CT in comparison with whole-body MRI and combination of conventional CT and bone scintigraphy for detection of recurrent disease in prostate cancer patients with rising PSA levels after initial definitive treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Shiori Murata,
  • Yusaku Moribata,
  • Shusuke Akamatsu,
  • Aki Kido,
  • Yuki Himoto,
  • Yasuhisa Kurata,
  • Tomoaki Otani,
  • Takayuki Sumiyoshi,
  • Ryoichi Saito,
  • Takashi Ogata,
  • Rihito Aizawa,
  • Kiyonao Nakamura,
  • Takashi Mizowaki,
  • Yuji Nakamoto,
  • Takashi Kobayashi,
  • Takayuki Goto

摘要

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) with 18F, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and a combination of conventional computed tomography and bone scintigraphy (CT/BS) for the detection of recurrent lesions in patients with prostate cancer with rising PSA levels following initial definitive treatment.

Methods

This retrospective study used part of the dataset from a previous phase 2 study conducted between February 2019 and March 2022, which evaluated the detection efficacy of 18F-FSU-880 PSMA-PET/CT in 72 patients with suspected recurrent prostate cancer after definitive treatment. Of these, 35 patients (age 56–82 years, PSA level 0.24–40.00 ng/ml) who underwent both PSMA-PET/CT and WB-MRI were reviewed by six radiologists. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were compared using McNemar’s test, and positive predictive value was compared using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Total 132 true-positive prostate cancer lesions were detected in 23 of 35 patients (66%). The sensitivity of PSMA-PET/CT (100%) was significantly higher than those of both WB-MRI (57%) and CT/BS (32%) in the per-patient analysis (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the per-lesion analysis, the sensitivity of PSMA-PET/CT (88%) was significantly higher than those of WB-MRI (44%) and CT/BS (6%) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

18F-FSU-880 PSMA-PET/CT showed a more favorable diagnostic performance, especially in terms of sensitivity, than WB-MRI and CT/BS in detecting recurrent disease in patients with prostate cancer after definitive treatment.