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Background <p>Evidence suggests that antibiotic (ATB) use may negatively impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously demonstrated that ATB use was significantly associated with decreased survival in NSCLC patients receiving ICI monotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ATB use on survival in NSCLC patients undergoing combined ICI and chemotherapy.</p> Patients and methods <p>We evaluated the impact of ATB on survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs and chemotherapy in this multicenter retrospective study. We analyzed outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients who received ATB within 2&#xa0;months before or 1&#xa0;month after starting ICI and chemotherapy combination therapy.</p> Results <p>Among 451 patients, 113 received ATB (ATB group) and 338 did not (ATB-unexposed). The median PFS was 7.1&#xa0;months in the ATB group and 8.4&#xa0;months in the ATB-unexposed group. The median OS was 18.0&#xa0;months in the ATB group compared to 23.8&#xa0;months in the ATB-unexposed group, indicating a significant reduction in both PFS and OS for the ATB group. Notably, this negative impact was not observed in patients who used probiotics (PFS: 6.0 vs. 7.6&#xa0;months, <i>p</i> = 0.355; OS: 16.7&#xa0;months vs. not reached (NR), <i>p</i> = 0.179).</p> Conclusion <p>ATB use was significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with combined ICI and chemotherapy, but this effect was attenuated by probiotics.</p>

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Impact of antibiotic use on survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Nobuaki Ochi,
  • Eiki Ichihara,
  • Toshihide Yokoyama,
  • Koji Inoue,
  • Tomoki Tamura,
  • Hiromi Watanabe,
  • Ichiro Takata,
  • Hirohisa Kano,
  • Kayo Nakamura,
  • Haruyuki Kawai,
  • Masaaki Inoue,
  • Nobukazu Fujimoto,
  • Hirohisa Ichikawa,
  • Chihiro Ando,
  • Isao Oze,
  • Nagio Takigawa,
  • Yoshinobu Maeda,
  • Katsuyuki Hotta

摘要

Background

Evidence suggests that antibiotic (ATB) use may negatively impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously demonstrated that ATB use was significantly associated with decreased survival in NSCLC patients receiving ICI monotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ATB use on survival in NSCLC patients undergoing combined ICI and chemotherapy.

Patients and methods

We evaluated the impact of ATB on survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs and chemotherapy in this multicenter retrospective study. We analyzed outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients who received ATB within 2 months before or 1 month after starting ICI and chemotherapy combination therapy.

Results

Among 451 patients, 113 received ATB (ATB group) and 338 did not (ATB-unexposed). The median PFS was 7.1 months in the ATB group and 8.4 months in the ATB-unexposed group. The median OS was 18.0 months in the ATB group compared to 23.8 months in the ATB-unexposed group, indicating a significant reduction in both PFS and OS for the ATB group. Notably, this negative impact was not observed in patients who used probiotics (PFS: 6.0 vs. 7.6 months, p = 0.355; OS: 16.7 months vs. not reached (NR), p = 0.179).

Conclusion

ATB use was significantly associated with poorer survival outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with combined ICI and chemotherapy, but this effect was attenuated by probiotics.