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<p>The <i>homeodomain-leucine zippers</i> (<i>HDZs</i>) function as key regulators to regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. Its functions have been extensively investigated in many plant species, while the <i>HDZs</i> family in <i>Sesuvium portulacastrum</i> L. remains poorly characterized and the roles of <i>SpHDZs</i> have not been explored. Here, we identified 46 <i>SpHDZs</i> in the <i>S. portulacastrum</i> genome and classified them into four subfamilies. The <i>SpHDZs</i> are unevenly distributed across 21 chromosomes. We systematically predicted their physicochemical properties, including gene and protein structures, isoelectric points, hydrophobicity, stability, secondary and tertiary structures, and subcellular localization. Gene duplication analysis revealed that all identified duplications resulted from whole-genome or segmental events, with most gene pairs exhibited signs of purifying selection. Promoter analysis indicated the presence of numerous <i>cis</i>-elements associated with stress signaling and development. Expression profiling of cadmium, copper, and salt treatment identified a subset of <i>SpHDZs</i> that responsive to these stresses, of which <i>SpHDZ39</i> and <i>SpHDZ41</i> showing significant downregulation in roots under cadmium treatment. Subcellular localization and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that both SpHDZ39 and SpHDZ41 function as transcription factors. Ectopic expression of <i>SpHDZ39</i> and <i>SpHDZ41</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> promoted root growth and increased biomass accumulation under cadmium treatment. These results provide an insight into the functional roles of <i>SpHDZs</i> in halophytic species and offer promising candidate genes for improving cadmium tolerance in crops through genetic engineering.</p>

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Ectopic expression of the sesuvium portulacastrum L. SpHDZ39 and SpHDZ41 enhances growth and cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Tongjing Cui,
  • Yuxin Li,
  • Xiaoyou Wu,
  • Fengyan Fang,
  • Yaoxiu Li,
  • Yingyi Yu,
  • Guomei Zhang,
  • Zhuangzhuang Nan,
  • Yonghan Wen,
  • Shugang Hui

摘要

The homeodomain-leucine zippers (HDZs) function as key regulators to regulating plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. Its functions have been extensively investigated in many plant species, while the HDZs family in Sesuvium portulacastrum L. remains poorly characterized and the roles of SpHDZs have not been explored. Here, we identified 46 SpHDZs in the S. portulacastrum genome and classified them into four subfamilies. The SpHDZs are unevenly distributed across 21 chromosomes. We systematically predicted their physicochemical properties, including gene and protein structures, isoelectric points, hydrophobicity, stability, secondary and tertiary structures, and subcellular localization. Gene duplication analysis revealed that all identified duplications resulted from whole-genome or segmental events, with most gene pairs exhibited signs of purifying selection. Promoter analysis indicated the presence of numerous cis-elements associated with stress signaling and development. Expression profiling of cadmium, copper, and salt treatment identified a subset of SpHDZs that responsive to these stresses, of which SpHDZ39 and SpHDZ41 showing significant downregulation in roots under cadmium treatment. Subcellular localization and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that both SpHDZ39 and SpHDZ41 function as transcription factors. Ectopic expression of SpHDZ39 and SpHDZ41 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted root growth and increased biomass accumulation under cadmium treatment. These results provide an insight into the functional roles of SpHDZs in halophytic species and offer promising candidate genes for improving cadmium tolerance in crops through genetic engineering.