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Purpose <p>This study investigates the repurposing potential of the anesthetic ketamine (KET) as a preventive agent, both alone and in combination with the azoles fluconazole (FLC) and itraconazole (ITR), against <i>Candida</i> spp. biofilms adhering to fragments of peripheral venous catheters.</p> Methods <p>The activity was assessed in vitro through cell viability and colonization assays of impregnated catheter segments, while morphological alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p> Results <p>KET, both alone and in association with ITR, significantly reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) the adherence of <i>C. albicans</i> to the impregnated fragments. Furthermore, the combinations KET + FLC and KET + ITR frequently exhibited greater efficacy in reducing biofilm viability than the agents used individually, suggesting additive/synergistic interactions. SEM revealed structural damage to the treated fungal cells.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings indicate that KET exhibits preventive activity against <i>Candida</i> spp. biofilms, including on catheter surfaces, and may enhance the activity of azoles, positioning it as a promising candidate for repurposing in the treatment of biofilm-associated fungal infections.</p>

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Preventive action of ketamine alone and in combination with antifungals on Candida biofilm formation in catheters

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Cecília Rocha da Silva,
  • Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá,
  • Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva,
  • Maria Safira Mendes Martins,
  • Maria Janielly Castelo Branco Silveira,
  • Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa,
  • Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral,
  • Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues,
  • Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira,
  • Vitória Monteiro Matos,
  • Vitória Girão dos Santos,
  • Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Jr.,
  • João Batista de Andrade Neto

摘要

Purpose

This study investigates the repurposing potential of the anesthetic ketamine (KET) as a preventive agent, both alone and in combination with the azoles fluconazole (FLC) and itraconazole (ITR), against Candida spp. biofilms adhering to fragments of peripheral venous catheters.

Methods

The activity was assessed in vitro through cell viability and colonization assays of impregnated catheter segments, while morphological alterations were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

KET, both alone and in association with ITR, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the adherence of C. albicans to the impregnated fragments. Furthermore, the combinations KET + FLC and KET + ITR frequently exhibited greater efficacy in reducing biofilm viability than the agents used individually, suggesting additive/synergistic interactions. SEM revealed structural damage to the treated fungal cells.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that KET exhibits preventive activity against Candida spp. biofilms, including on catheter surfaces, and may enhance the activity of azoles, positioning it as a promising candidate for repurposing in the treatment of biofilm-associated fungal infections.