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<p>Heat-, light-, and humidity-responsive materials were fabricated <i>via</i> chemical design and cold drawing processing. The crystallizable polyether/polyester diols were first reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), followed by chain extension with azobenzene units. The synthesized polyurethanes exhibited ductile behavior and drawing-induced orientation when the soft segments possessed high crystallinity. Upon heating or UV irradiation, the oriented polyurethane strips underwent bending, whereas the pristine strips did not. Under humid conditions, both oriented and pristine polyurethane strips containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) soft segments bent, albeit in opposite directions. In contrast, polyurethane strips with polycaprolactone (PCL) and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) soft segments showed no response to humidity, regardless of whether they were stretched. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the temperature increase resulting from the photothermal effect of the azobenzene moieties is the main reason for light-induced actuation, which differs from that in many other azobenzene-based materials. The entropic elastic energy stored during stretching is released upon UV irradiation, heating, or humidification to drive the bending deformation. This work presents a strategy for constructing multi-stimuli-responsive materials <i>via</i> molecular design and post-processing, highlighting the synergy between functional moieties and microscopic structures, which holds great significance for the development of advanced intelligent materials.</p>

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Multi-stimuli Responsive Polyurethane-based Materials: Structure-Property Correlations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Yi-Sheng Huang,
  • Han-Xin Jian,
  • Hao Huang,
  • Qing-Yun Guo,
  • Shu-Guang Yang

摘要

Heat-, light-, and humidity-responsive materials were fabricated via chemical design and cold drawing processing. The crystallizable polyether/polyester diols were first reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), followed by chain extension with azobenzene units. The synthesized polyurethanes exhibited ductile behavior and drawing-induced orientation when the soft segments possessed high crystallinity. Upon heating or UV irradiation, the oriented polyurethane strips underwent bending, whereas the pristine strips did not. Under humid conditions, both oriented and pristine polyurethane strips containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) soft segments bent, albeit in opposite directions. In contrast, polyurethane strips with polycaprolactone (PCL) and polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) soft segments showed no response to humidity, regardless of whether they were stretched. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the temperature increase resulting from the photothermal effect of the azobenzene moieties is the main reason for light-induced actuation, which differs from that in many other azobenzene-based materials. The entropic elastic energy stored during stretching is released upon UV irradiation, heating, or humidification to drive the bending deformation. This work presents a strategy for constructing multi-stimuli-responsive materials via molecular design and post-processing, highlighting the synergy between functional moieties and microscopic structures, which holds great significance for the development of advanced intelligent materials.