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<p>Conductive elastomer composites (CEC) are widely used in flexible electronics, structural health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, their resistive strain response often exhibits a shoulder peak effect, which undermines signal stability and measurement accuracy. In this study, the generation and suppression mechanisms of the shoulder peak effect were clarified by regulating hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of nano-silica. Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that in samples (OCV-260) fabricated with hydrophobic nano-silica (OB), the hydrophobic surface induces weak hydrogen bonding between conductive carbon black (CB) and OB. This interaction reduced the hysteresis area of the resistive-strain response by 78.84%, suppressed the adhesion-desorption migration of CB along silicone rubber (SR) molecular chains, and prevented sudden resistance spikes during unloading, thereby eliminating the shoulder peak effect. In addition, OCV-260 exhibited a 97.19% enhancement in the strain sensitivity coefficient (GF), a 53.20% extension of the monitoring range, and a rapid response time of 221 ms. Remarkably, no shoulder peak effect was detected, even after 1×10<sup>4</sup> loading-unloading cycles. These findings offer a promising strategy and broad application potential for achieving long-term, precise sensing in CEC for aerospace, flexible electronics, and structural health monitoring.</p>

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Polarity-regulated Nano-silica Steering Carbon Black Network Evolution and Reconfiguration in Conductive Silicone Elastomers: Experimental and Molecular Simulations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Bang-Wei Wan,
  • Yang Yang

摘要

Conductive elastomer composites (CEC) are widely used in flexible electronics, structural health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, their resistive strain response often exhibits a shoulder peak effect, which undermines signal stability and measurement accuracy. In this study, the generation and suppression mechanisms of the shoulder peak effect were clarified by regulating hydrogen bonding interactions on the surface of nano-silica. Experimental results combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that in samples (OCV-260) fabricated with hydrophobic nano-silica (OB), the hydrophobic surface induces weak hydrogen bonding between conductive carbon black (CB) and OB. This interaction reduced the hysteresis area of the resistive-strain response by 78.84%, suppressed the adhesion-desorption migration of CB along silicone rubber (SR) molecular chains, and prevented sudden resistance spikes during unloading, thereby eliminating the shoulder peak effect. In addition, OCV-260 exhibited a 97.19% enhancement in the strain sensitivity coefficient (GF), a 53.20% extension of the monitoring range, and a rapid response time of 221 ms. Remarkably, no shoulder peak effect was detected, even after 1×104 loading-unloading cycles. These findings offer a promising strategy and broad application potential for achieving long-term, precise sensing in CEC for aerospace, flexible electronics, and structural health monitoring.