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<p>The rapid decay of the surface wettability of plasma-treated polymers remains a critical limitation for their practical application in advanced materials. This study introduces a continuous atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) technique for fabricating polyethylene (PE) separators with durable wettability, and elucidates the underlying mechanism. A systematic comparison of APP treatments with non-deposition and deposition gases, including Ar, Ar/O<sub>2</sub>, Ar/tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), and Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS, revealed the key impact factors in achieving durable wettability. Owing to the synergistic interactions of SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticulate deposition, physical etching, and oxidative functionalization, the PE separator treated by Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS exhibited a 17.5-fold electrolyte wetting area compared to the original one. The improved surface energy and roughness of the SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticle coating enhanced its electrochemical performance. The ionic conductivity increased by 1.9 times, while the charge transfer resistance decreased by 73.7%. Remarkably, owing to further oxidation of the SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> nanoparticle coating and the increase in its silica-like structure, the wetting area of the Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/TMCTS-treated separator was still over 14-fold larger than that of the original separator after aging for 90 days. This study demonstrates an eco-friendly and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance battery separators and provides mechanistic insights into durable wettability by APP.</p>

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Investigation of Durable Wettability of Polyethylene Separators via Continuous Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment with Ar/O2/Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Jie Cui,
  • Li Shao,
  • Hao-Zhe Wang,
  • Cheng-Ran Du,
  • Jing Zhang

摘要

The rapid decay of the surface wettability of plasma-treated polymers remains a critical limitation for their practical application in advanced materials. This study introduces a continuous atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) technique for fabricating polyethylene (PE) separators with durable wettability, and elucidates the underlying mechanism. A systematic comparison of APP treatments with non-deposition and deposition gases, including Ar, Ar/O2, Ar/tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), and Ar/O2/TMCTS, revealed the key impact factors in achieving durable wettability. Owing to the synergistic interactions of SiOxCyHz nanoparticulate deposition, physical etching, and oxidative functionalization, the PE separator treated by Ar/O2/TMCTS exhibited a 17.5-fold electrolyte wetting area compared to the original one. The improved surface energy and roughness of the SiOxCyHz nanoparticle coating enhanced its electrochemical performance. The ionic conductivity increased by 1.9 times, while the charge transfer resistance decreased by 73.7%. Remarkably, owing to further oxidation of the SiOxCyHz nanoparticle coating and the increase in its silica-like structure, the wetting area of the Ar/O2/TMCTS-treated separator was still over 14-fold larger than that of the original separator after aging for 90 days. This study demonstrates an eco-friendly and scalable approach for fabricating high-performance battery separators and provides mechanistic insights into durable wettability by APP.