<p>As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy, iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus. With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process, which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber. Herein, ionic liquids with low vapor pressure, non-flammability, relatively simple recovery, and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers. The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared, including microscopic morphology, dyeing behavior, fibrillation resistance, mechanical properties, yarn-forming capacity, and fabric performance. The ionic liquid (IL) fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section, with the highest tensile strength, moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties, and similar spinning and weaving performance. This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.</p>