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<p>In this study, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and ricinoleic acid (RA) were used to synthesize polyol esters, designated ESO-RA (ER) resin. The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam, referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI (ERP) foam, using water as a foaming agent. Additionally, flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate (TEP) and expanded graphite (EG) have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents. The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness. Furthermore, the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics, as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.6 vol%. A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m2 was reported during the fire test. Significantly, a low peak smoke production rate (pSPR) of 0.026 m<sup>2</sup>/s and a total smoke production (TSP) of 0.62 m<sup>2</sup> were achieved. In addition, ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet (UV) resistance, thermal insulation, and biodegradability. After 60 days of exposure to <i>Penicillium</i> sp., foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%, indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.</p>

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Characterization of Biodegradable Flame Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam Prepared Using Renewable Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Ricinoleic Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Ji-Ping Jiang,
  • Shu-Duan Deng,
  • Seng Hua Lee,
  • Wei Chen Lum,
  • Yu-Heng Ren,
  • Guan-Ben Du,
  • Xiao-Jian Zhou,
  • Jun Zhang

摘要

In this study, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and ricinoleic acid (RA) were used to synthesize polyol esters, designated ESO-RA (ER) resin. The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam, referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI (ERP) foam, using water as a foaming agent. Additionally, flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate (TEP) and expanded graphite (EG) have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents. The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness. Furthermore, the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics, as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.6 vol%. A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m2 was reported during the fire test. Significantly, a low peak smoke production rate (pSPR) of 0.026 m2/s and a total smoke production (TSP) of 0.62 m2 were achieved. In addition, ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet (UV) resistance, thermal insulation, and biodegradability. After 60 days of exposure to Penicillium sp., foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%, indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.