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<p>Apiculture (beekeeping) is critical for rural livelihoods and global ecosystem services, yet it is uniquely sensitive to climate stressors due to its dependence on complex bio-ecological interactions. However, research on the impacts of climatic stressors on apiculture, especially the microeconomic level evidence, remains scarce. A conceptual framework is set to explore the possible mechanisms of the climatic stressors’ impacts on apiculture, in which the aggregate effect can be decomposed into a direct total factor productivity effect and indirect adaptive responses of beekeepers. Using a unique 15-year panel dataset covering roughly 6000 beekeeping household observations from China National Beekeeping Fixed Observation Point Survey (CNBFOPS) and the matched high-resolution meteorological data, this study rigorously estimates the nonlinear impacts of climatic stressors on honey yield using a two-way fixed-effects model. Baseline results reveal that, robust inverted U-shaped relationships hold between honey output and both the annual average temperature and annual precipitation, mainly through a total factor productivity mechanism. However, beekeepers could not take effective adaptive input adjustment to buffer the climatic impacts on honey production. Significant heterogeneities are also revealed. Vulnerability is disproportionately concentrated on stationary households in Southern China. Even migratory beekeeping could not mitigate local heat and precipitation stresses. Climate change is expected to cause fundamental damages to apiculture if no effective countermeasures are taken in the future. These findings highlight the vulnerability of apiculture to climatic stressors and point to the need for more targeted support for high-risk beekeeping households.</p>

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The impact of climatic stressors on beekeeping production: evidence from a national beekeeper household survey in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Yongpeng Chen,
  • Xianqiang Mao,
  • Zhijun Zhao,
  • Zaenhaer Duman,
  • Yunjun Hu,
  • Yifan Chang,
  • Xiaopeng Si

摘要

Apiculture (beekeeping) is critical for rural livelihoods and global ecosystem services, yet it is uniquely sensitive to climate stressors due to its dependence on complex bio-ecological interactions. However, research on the impacts of climatic stressors on apiculture, especially the microeconomic level evidence, remains scarce. A conceptual framework is set to explore the possible mechanisms of the climatic stressors’ impacts on apiculture, in which the aggregate effect can be decomposed into a direct total factor productivity effect and indirect adaptive responses of beekeepers. Using a unique 15-year panel dataset covering roughly 6000 beekeeping household observations from China National Beekeeping Fixed Observation Point Survey (CNBFOPS) and the matched high-resolution meteorological data, this study rigorously estimates the nonlinear impacts of climatic stressors on honey yield using a two-way fixed-effects model. Baseline results reveal that, robust inverted U-shaped relationships hold between honey output and both the annual average temperature and annual precipitation, mainly through a total factor productivity mechanism. However, beekeepers could not take effective adaptive input adjustment to buffer the climatic impacts on honey production. Significant heterogeneities are also revealed. Vulnerability is disproportionately concentrated on stationary households in Southern China. Even migratory beekeeping could not mitigate local heat and precipitation stresses. Climate change is expected to cause fundamental damages to apiculture if no effective countermeasures are taken in the future. These findings highlight the vulnerability of apiculture to climatic stressors and point to the need for more targeted support for high-risk beekeeping households.