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<p>Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) result in habitat loss and fragmentation, which are major contributors to global biodiversity decline. Habitat loss in the Caatinga dry forest is driven by agriculture and livestock. This region hosts the endemic, forest-dependent primate, <i>Callicebus barbarabrownae</i> (<i>guigó-da-Caatinga</i> or blond titi monkey). We investigated LULC spatial and temporal patterns within the full Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of C<i>. barbarabrownae</i> and within 3-km buffer landscapes around the species’ occurrence and absence records. We tested for differences in LULC class proportions between absence and occurrence landscapes, and across different periods (1985, record year and 2021). We ran PCA and <i>K</i>-means to identify spatial differences in landscape compositions across the species’ EOO. In 2021, more than half (54.14%) of the EOO was covered by farming and non-vegetated areas, with a predominance of pasture. PCA and <i>K</i>-means showed that <i>Savanna Formation</i> prevails in the northwest, and <i>Pasture</i> dominates the northeast and central regions of the EOO. <i>Savanna</i> and <i>Forest Formations</i> were mainly converted to <i>Pasture</i>. <i>Pasture</i> cover is higher in occurrence landscapes and shows higher&#xa0;current proportions than in previous years. We suggest that <i>C. barbarabrownae</i> is forced to persist in a limited habitat context, and likely faces an extinction debt. Restoration efforts, particularly increasing forest cover and connectivity between fragments in the northeastern and central regions, and additional protected areas are essential for conserving this Critically Endangered primate.</p>

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Temporal land use and land cover changes reveal regional pressures throughout the extent of occurrence of a critically endangered primate endemic to Caatinga forests, Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Bianca Villar Carvalho Guerreiro,
  • Raone Beltrão-Mendes,
  • Míriam Plaza Pinto

摘要

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) result in habitat loss and fragmentation, which are major contributors to global biodiversity decline. Habitat loss in the Caatinga dry forest is driven by agriculture and livestock. This region hosts the endemic, forest-dependent primate, Callicebus barbarabrownae (guigó-da-Caatinga or blond titi monkey). We investigated LULC spatial and temporal patterns within the full Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of C. barbarabrownae and within 3-km buffer landscapes around the species’ occurrence and absence records. We tested for differences in LULC class proportions between absence and occurrence landscapes, and across different periods (1985, record year and 2021). We ran PCA and K-means to identify spatial differences in landscape compositions across the species’ EOO. In 2021, more than half (54.14%) of the EOO was covered by farming and non-vegetated areas, with a predominance of pasture. PCA and K-means showed that Savanna Formation prevails in the northwest, and Pasture dominates the northeast and central regions of the EOO. Savanna and Forest Formations were mainly converted to Pasture. Pasture cover is higher in occurrence landscapes and shows higher current proportions than in previous years. We suggest that C. barbarabrownae is forced to persist in a limited habitat context, and likely faces an extinction debt. Restoration efforts, particularly increasing forest cover and connectivity between fragments in the northeastern and central regions, and additional protected areas are essential for conserving this Critically Endangered primate.