<p>The autonomous vehicle industry has demonstrated rapid growth across the globe. As the industry advances toward higher levels of automation, safety concerns around algorithm failures remain a major issue. To understand the remote human oversight needed in these scenarios, this study conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of human factors in teleoperation and their effects on operator cognition and performance. Four databases (Scopus, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched, focusing on peer-reviewed English studies published between 2010 and 2024. Twenty-three articles were included in a framework-based narrative synthesis grounded in the takeover and information processing models. Results indicate that different factors shape the operator’s cognitive processes during situation processing, decision making, and action execution, and these factors vary depending on the operator’s role in remote driving or remote assistance. Across the reviewed studies, teleoperation work can be grouped into remote driving and remote assistance, with different information needs and interface demands across these roles. Furthermore, human-machine interface (HMI) design supports operators throughout teleoperation, particularly through multimodal feedback, workload-aware information prioritization, and interface strategies that help operators manage latency and maintain situation awareness. Overall, findings from this study provide insights into future operator workspace designs for human factors professionals, researchers, and designers who develop HMIs for teleoperation.</p>