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<p>Frequent occurrences of natural disasters and disaster-related deaths affect government responsiveness to disasters. This study examines how disaster mortality disaggregated by gender and upcoming state elections affected per capita calamity relief spending for Indian states from 1972 to 2019. The results suggest that calamity relief spending increased significantly when more women were killed than men due to disasters, particularly nearer state elections. Furthermore, an increase in female electoral turnout, compared to men, has also contributed to increased expenditure on calamity relief. The implementation of gender-responsive budget allocations and rising female voter participation may explain why the Indian government prioritizes female well-being. Consequently, public spending on calamity relief is more responsive to female disaster mortality. Our results remain robust across different econometric models.</p>

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Effects of election and natural disaster mortality on calamity relief spending in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Yashobanta Parida,
  • Joyita Roy Chowdhury

摘要

Frequent occurrences of natural disasters and disaster-related deaths affect government responsiveness to disasters. This study examines how disaster mortality disaggregated by gender and upcoming state elections affected per capita calamity relief spending for Indian states from 1972 to 2019. The results suggest that calamity relief spending increased significantly when more women were killed than men due to disasters, particularly nearer state elections. Furthermore, an increase in female electoral turnout, compared to men, has also contributed to increased expenditure on calamity relief. The implementation of gender-responsive budget allocations and rising female voter participation may explain why the Indian government prioritizes female well-being. Consequently, public spending on calamity relief is more responsive to female disaster mortality. Our results remain robust across different econometric models.