<p>Against the backdrop of frequent data breaches, consumers are increasingly concerned about privacy and information security when participating in recycling programs. This necessitates that e-waste recyclers enhance their privacy protection technologies. Addressing consumers’ demand for privacy protection, this study constructs game-theoretic models of three dual-recycling modes under carbon cap-and-trade regulation. Through mathematical analysis and numerical simulation, we examine how factors like remanufacturing, carbon regulation, consumer behavior, and blockchain technology influence recyclers’ investment decisions and manufacturers’ recycling model selection. Key findings reveal that: the remanufactured product price show a positive correlation with emission reduction level, the eco-conscious consumer ratio, consumers’ low-carbon awareness, and the acceptance of remanufactured goods. Under the three recycling models, the party with weaker channel convenience consistently offers higher recycling price but inferior privacy protection technologies compared to competitors. Consumers’ perception of channel inconvenience differentially impacts entities across various recycling models. When the perceived inconvenience of the retailer’s channel is relatively low, the economic and environmental benefits are the greatest when both retailers and third parties are involved. When the cost of privacy protection is low, retailers and third parties can obtain more economic and environmental benefits by simultaneously introducing blockchain. This research enhances the understanding of privacy protection and blockchain technology within electronic product closed-loop supply chains, providing valuable insights to advance e-waste recycling initiatives and support the transition towards a low-carbon circular economy.</p>