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<p>Medicinal and recreational <i>Cannabis sativa</i> is a sector that has increasing acceptance both in academia and industry due to an easing in legislation. This presents a challenge due to the legislative constraints of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and an opportunity for sustainable management and valorisation of this waste. In this study, a mixture of organic medicinal cannabis sativa waste was processed using hydrothermal deconstruction at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300&#xa0;°C for varying times of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90&#xa0;min, respectively. All samples were undertaken with an initial oxygen pressure of 34&#xa0;bar. Volatile fatty acids are produced throughout the reaction, with the highest total amount of 2,294&#xa0;mg/L being produced at 5% initial feedstock, 300&#xa0;°C, after 60&#xa0;min. The amounts of acetic acid, propanoic acid, ammonia, total COD, TSS, and VSS are all highly influenced by the effects of both time and temperature, where the concentrations of phosphorus and CO2 gas produced are primarily controlled by temperature. The product of the hydrothermal deconstruction reaction exhibits fertiliser properties, improving initial germination and plant growth by 90.0% over ten days.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hydrothermal deconstruction of medicinal Cannabis sativa waste

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Kerry Jack Robertson,
  • Parmjit Randhawa,
  • Saeid Baroutian

摘要

Medicinal and recreational Cannabis sativa is a sector that has increasing acceptance both in academia and industry due to an easing in legislation. This presents a challenge due to the legislative constraints of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and an opportunity for sustainable management and valorisation of this waste. In this study, a mixture of organic medicinal cannabis sativa waste was processed using hydrothermal deconstruction at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300 °C for varying times of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively. All samples were undertaken with an initial oxygen pressure of 34 bar. Volatile fatty acids are produced throughout the reaction, with the highest total amount of 2,294 mg/L being produced at 5% initial feedstock, 300 °C, after 60 min. The amounts of acetic acid, propanoic acid, ammonia, total COD, TSS, and VSS are all highly influenced by the effects of both time and temperature, where the concentrations of phosphorus and CO2 gas produced are primarily controlled by temperature. The product of the hydrothermal deconstruction reaction exhibits fertiliser properties, improving initial germination and plant growth by 90.0% over ten days.

Graphical Abstract