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<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is a synthetic technology driven by algorithms and data, which achieves autonomous analysis, prediction, and decision-making on complex problems through methods such as machine learning and deep learning, and it is characterized by its general-purpose applicability. In the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution emissions, the innovation and application of artificial intelligence are profoundly reshaping the paradigms of environmental governance and resource utilization, thereby providing new pathways for fostering harmony between humanity and nature. Yet, few studies address the synergistic effects of AI on pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of national new generation artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zones, this paper employs panel data from 282 prefecture-level and above Chinese cities during 2012–2022 and constructs a multi-period DID model to examine the impact of AI on synergistic governance of pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. The study finds that, first, AI significantly empowers regional pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Second, the effect of AI on synergistic governance exhibits heterogeneity, with stronger positive impacts in non-resource-based cities and cities with high data factor mobility. Moreover, digital human capital levels positively moderate the relationship between AI and pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Third, mechanism analysis indicates that AI promotes regional pollution abatement and carbon mitigation by driving green technological innovation, improving energy efficiency, and upgrading industrial structure. Fourth, further analysis reveals significant spatial spillover effects of AI technology on urban pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. The conclusions of this study hold significant implications for relevant stakeholders, including government regulators, enterprises, and industries. By fully leveraging AI technologies, they can accelerate the integration of intelligent upgrading with green transformation and proactively respond to the challenges of climate change.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Artificial intelligence and pollution abatement and carbon mitigation: evidence from China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月30日

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  • Jinlu Song

摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a synthetic technology driven by algorithms and data, which achieves autonomous analysis, prediction, and decision-making on complex problems through methods such as machine learning and deep learning, and it is characterized by its general-purpose applicability. In the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution emissions, the innovation and application of artificial intelligence are profoundly reshaping the paradigms of environmental governance and resource utilization, thereby providing new pathways for fostering harmony between humanity and nature. Yet, few studies address the synergistic effects of AI on pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of national new generation artificial intelligence innovation and development pilot zones, this paper employs panel data from 282 prefecture-level and above Chinese cities during 2012–2022 and constructs a multi-period DID model to examine the impact of AI on synergistic governance of pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. The study finds that, first, AI significantly empowers regional pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Second, the effect of AI on synergistic governance exhibits heterogeneity, with stronger positive impacts in non-resource-based cities and cities with high data factor mobility. Moreover, digital human capital levels positively moderate the relationship between AI and pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. Third, mechanism analysis indicates that AI promotes regional pollution abatement and carbon mitigation by driving green technological innovation, improving energy efficiency, and upgrading industrial structure. Fourth, further analysis reveals significant spatial spillover effects of AI technology on urban pollution abatement and carbon mitigation. The conclusions of this study hold significant implications for relevant stakeholders, including government regulators, enterprises, and industries. By fully leveraging AI technologies, they can accelerate the integration of intelligent upgrading with green transformation and proactively respond to the challenges of climate change.

Graphical abstract