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<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different Chinese medicine herbal residues (CHMRs) on the mycelium biomass, intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production, and intracellular triterpenes (ITS) production of <i>G. lucidum</i>. Moreover, the optimal fermentation parameters for utilizing the CHMRs were determined. The three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were selected through a preliminary literature review and selection for their promotion of mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production. The comparative experiments were conducted using their residues (<i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> residues (AMRs), Licorice residues (LRs), and Corni Fructus residues (CFRs)), leading to the conclusion that adding a mixture of the three residues to the fermentation medium has superior results compared to two or single residues. Based on the results of this experiment, the effects of different proportions of three kinds of residues and their interactions on the mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production in the submerged fermentation of <i>G. lucidum</i> were further evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization of RSM model conditions, the maximum production of biomass (15.12&#xa0;g/L), IPS (54.23&#xa0;mg/g DW), and ITS (87.28&#xa0;mg/g DW) obtained at the optimized proportion of AMRs, LRs, and CFRs is 3.000: 2.467: 3.436, when the total amount is fixed at 0.6&#xa0;g. In addition, changes in mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production during the fermentation process were predicted using fermentation kinetics models established through nonlinear fitting utilizing the quadratic polynomial mathematical model and the model fitting coefficients R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.98. This study provides further evidence to clarify the stimulatory effects of the mixed CHMRs in fermentation and contributes a theoretical basis to the green recycling of CHMRs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Co-fermentation of Astragalus membranaceus residues, Licorice residues, and Corni Fructus residues for the production and optimization of Ganoderma lucidum metabolites based on data networks and fermentation kinetics models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Xiaomei Sun,
  • Yitong Qi,
  • Mengtao Cheng,
  • LiYing Zhang,
  • Chunchao Han

摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different Chinese medicine herbal residues (CHMRs) on the mycelium biomass, intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production, and intracellular triterpenes (ITS) production of G. lucidum. Moreover, the optimal fermentation parameters for utilizing the CHMRs were determined. The three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were selected through a preliminary literature review and selection for their promotion of mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production. The comparative experiments were conducted using their residues (Astragalus membranaceus residues (AMRs), Licorice residues (LRs), and Corni Fructus residues (CFRs)), leading to the conclusion that adding a mixture of the three residues to the fermentation medium has superior results compared to two or single residues. Based on the results of this experiment, the effects of different proportions of three kinds of residues and their interactions on the mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production in the submerged fermentation of G. lucidum were further evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization of RSM model conditions, the maximum production of biomass (15.12 g/L), IPS (54.23 mg/g DW), and ITS (87.28 mg/g DW) obtained at the optimized proportion of AMRs, LRs, and CFRs is 3.000: 2.467: 3.436, when the total amount is fixed at 0.6 g. In addition, changes in mycelium biomass, IPS, and ITS production during the fermentation process were predicted using fermentation kinetics models established through nonlinear fitting utilizing the quadratic polynomial mathematical model and the model fitting coefficients R2 > 0.98. This study provides further evidence to clarify the stimulatory effects of the mixed CHMRs in fermentation and contributes a theoretical basis to the green recycling of CHMRs.

Graphical Abstract