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<p>In current times, an economical, ecologically safe, antimicrobial and reusable catalyst for environmental remediation is warranted. The utilization of green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has drawn attention as it is environmentally benign. The present study addresses the synthesis of CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs using <i>Azadirachta indica</i> leaf extract for wastewater treatment. The XRD profile and FESEM image of the CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs revealed the calcite phase of CaCO<sub>3</sub> polymorph with an average particle size of 75.25&#xa0;nm. A band gap of 2.99&#xa0;eV was estimated for the NPs from the Tauc plot. Photocatalytic efficacy of CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs was investigated for individual dyes, namely methyl orange, crystal violet and methylene blue and their ternary mixture under sunlight. The NPs showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency in terms of dye degradation percentage and kinetics (0.030–0.074&#xa0;min<sup>–1</sup>) and stability till the fourth cycle. The eco-toxicological impact of photodegraded dye solution on the growth of guar seeds indicated no inhibitory phytotoxic effect. CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs-coated cotton fabric showed good antibacterial activity against <i>E. faecalis</i>. The efficacy of CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs as a nanofertilizer was examined for cucumber and pumpkin seeds, and no adverse impact on the germination percentage was marked. NPs concentration at 50&#xa0;mg/L stimulated the shoot and root elongation in the seedlings of both plant species. Thus, the green-synthesized CaCO<sub>3</sub> NPs using <i>A. indica</i> extract are sustainable photocatalysts for degradation of anthropogenic organic pollutants and design of antibacterial textiles. Furthermore, they are non-phytotoxic and non-ecotoxic, which enable their efficacy in agriculture.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green-engineered CaCO3 nanoparticles from neem leaf extract: assessing dye degradation potential, phytotoxicity and antibacterial textile application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月13日

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  • Ganeswar Dalei,
  • Subhraseema Das

摘要

In current times, an economical, ecologically safe, antimicrobial and reusable catalyst for environmental remediation is warranted. The utilization of green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has drawn attention as it is environmentally benign. The present study addresses the synthesis of CaCO3 NPs using Azadirachta indica leaf extract for wastewater treatment. The XRD profile and FESEM image of the CaCO3 NPs revealed the calcite phase of CaCO3 polymorph with an average particle size of 75.25 nm. A band gap of 2.99 eV was estimated for the NPs from the Tauc plot. Photocatalytic efficacy of CaCO3 NPs was investigated for individual dyes, namely methyl orange, crystal violet and methylene blue and their ternary mixture under sunlight. The NPs showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency in terms of dye degradation percentage and kinetics (0.030–0.074 min–1) and stability till the fourth cycle. The eco-toxicological impact of photodegraded dye solution on the growth of guar seeds indicated no inhibitory phytotoxic effect. CaCO3 NPs-coated cotton fabric showed good antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The efficacy of CaCO3 NPs as a nanofertilizer was examined for cucumber and pumpkin seeds, and no adverse impact on the germination percentage was marked. NPs concentration at 50 mg/L stimulated the shoot and root elongation in the seedlings of both plant species. Thus, the green-synthesized CaCO3 NPs using A. indica extract are sustainable photocatalysts for degradation of anthropogenic organic pollutants and design of antibacterial textiles. Furthermore, they are non-phytotoxic and non-ecotoxic, which enable their efficacy in agriculture.

Graphical Abstract