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<p>The warm-up period of the engine, due to improper fuel evaporation and combustion, is one of the most important sources of high fuel consumption and emission. Due to the lack of investigation of the effect of nanolubricant on the engine fuel consumption, emission, and thermal performance during the warm-up, this study introduces a novel solution using nanocopper particles as an additive to the lubricant, reducing hydrocarbon emissions and improving fuel efficiency of a single-cylinder spark-ignition internal combustion engine. Effects of different weight concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of nano-oil on fuel consumption, emission, oil, and cylinder head temperature during engine warm-up are investigated. The base engine oil used was a standard engine oil with a nominal viscosity of 20w-50 and an API SL/CF quality level. The research shows that engine oil with nanoparticles of 0.2&#xa0;wt% and 0.4&#xa0;wt% has a 5% and 9.1% reduction in fuel consumption during the warm-up period, respectively. Copper nanoparticles in engine oil have improved the heat transfer properties. By using 0.2% and 0.4%wt. nanoparticles in the engine oil, heat absorption increases which is observed with a temperature increase in oil by 4 and 6&#xa0;°C, and a 2 and 3&#xa0;°C decrease in cylinder head, respectively. In addition, the use of 0.2% and 0.4&#xa0;wt% nanoparticles leads to a reduction of up to 25% and 40% in unburned hydrocarbons, respectively. This occurs due to a considerable improvement of combustion efficiency by the presence of copper nanoparticles, which can be seen from the increase in carbon dioxide in exhaust gases.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Experimental investigation of using nanolubricant containing copper nanoparticles on fuel consumption, emission, and thermal behavior of a single-cylinder SI engine during warm-up period

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Mohamadreza Saeedpour,
  • Ali Qasemian,
  • Mohamadparsa Dolatyar,
  • Mansour Hemati

摘要

The warm-up period of the engine, due to improper fuel evaporation and combustion, is one of the most important sources of high fuel consumption and emission. Due to the lack of investigation of the effect of nanolubricant on the engine fuel consumption, emission, and thermal performance during the warm-up, this study introduces a novel solution using nanocopper particles as an additive to the lubricant, reducing hydrocarbon emissions and improving fuel efficiency of a single-cylinder spark-ignition internal combustion engine. Effects of different weight concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of nano-oil on fuel consumption, emission, oil, and cylinder head temperature during engine warm-up are investigated. The base engine oil used was a standard engine oil with a nominal viscosity of 20w-50 and an API SL/CF quality level. The research shows that engine oil with nanoparticles of 0.2 wt% and 0.4 wt% has a 5% and 9.1% reduction in fuel consumption during the warm-up period, respectively. Copper nanoparticles in engine oil have improved the heat transfer properties. By using 0.2% and 0.4%wt. nanoparticles in the engine oil, heat absorption increases which is observed with a temperature increase in oil by 4 and 6 °C, and a 2 and 3 °C decrease in cylinder head, respectively. In addition, the use of 0.2% and 0.4 wt% nanoparticles leads to a reduction of up to 25% and 40% in unburned hydrocarbons, respectively. This occurs due to a considerable improvement of combustion efficiency by the presence of copper nanoparticles, which can be seen from the increase in carbon dioxide in exhaust gases.

Graphical abstract