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<p>This study investigates the impact of acetylene-enriched B20 fuel (20% waste cooking biodiesel and 80% diesel) on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine under varying engine operating conditions. Acetylene, known for its high flame speed and wide flammability limits, was introduced into the intake manifold at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by volume with B20 to improve combustion characteristics and reduce harmful emissions. These specific ratios of acetylene were selected based on preliminary testing and literature evidence to ensure stable engine operation and to avoid knocking, pre-ignition, and thermal stresses on engine components. A common rail direct injection diesel engine was tested at different compression ratios (14–18) and injection timings (10°–30° BTDC). Response surface methodology was used to optimize engine performance and emissions. The optimization identified the best conditions at a fuel blend coded value of 1.0 (B20 + acetylene), a compression ratio of 0.88 (coded value), and an injection timing of −&#xa0;0.26(coded value). Under these conditions, brake thermal efficiency reached 35.51%, and BSFC reduced to 258&#xa0;g/kWh, indicating improved fuel economy. Emissions showed significant reductions in CO (0.17%) and UHC (42.5&#xa0;ppm) due to acetylene’s high flame speed, while NOx emissions remained elevated (949&#xa0;ppm) due to higher combustion flame temperature. The results highlight the potential of acetylene-enriched B20 blends for enhanced engine performance with reduced harmful emissions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of performance and emissions of a diesel engine using acetylene-enriched waste cooking biodiesel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Suraj Bhan,
  • Prem Shanker Yadav,
  • Girish Gautam,
  • Ragvendra Gautam,
  • Saket Kumar,
  • Manish Kumar

摘要

This study investigates the impact of acetylene-enriched B20 fuel (20% waste cooking biodiesel and 80% diesel) on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine under varying engine operating conditions. Acetylene, known for its high flame speed and wide flammability limits, was introduced into the intake manifold at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by volume with B20 to improve combustion characteristics and reduce harmful emissions. These specific ratios of acetylene were selected based on preliminary testing and literature evidence to ensure stable engine operation and to avoid knocking, pre-ignition, and thermal stresses on engine components. A common rail direct injection diesel engine was tested at different compression ratios (14–18) and injection timings (10°–30° BTDC). Response surface methodology was used to optimize engine performance and emissions. The optimization identified the best conditions at a fuel blend coded value of 1.0 (B20 + acetylene), a compression ratio of 0.88 (coded value), and an injection timing of − 0.26(coded value). Under these conditions, brake thermal efficiency reached 35.51%, and BSFC reduced to 258 g/kWh, indicating improved fuel economy. Emissions showed significant reductions in CO (0.17%) and UHC (42.5 ppm) due to acetylene’s high flame speed, while NOx emissions remained elevated (949 ppm) due to higher combustion flame temperature. The results highlight the potential of acetylene-enriched B20 blends for enhanced engine performance with reduced harmful emissions.

Graphical abstract