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<p>Several technologies have been implemented to provide environmental recycling for water treatment plant sludge (WTS), which has proved to be one of the most significant environmental challenges for water treatment plants today. Studies have proposed the recycling of dried WTS (DTWS) in the manufacture of ceramics bricks; however, some claim that the presence of organic matter is an important factor in the final ceramic properties. Regarding this concern, this research aimed to develop and characterize sustainable ceramic bricks using DWTS and calcined WTS at 600&#xa0;°C (CWTS) as raw material, in partial replacement by clay. Physical and chemical analyses of the clay and the DWTS and CWTS and characterization of the developed bricks were carried out, comparing their physical, chemical, and mechanical performances. The results indicated that it is possible to manufacture ceramic bricks with up to 30% DWTS and 20% CWTS, following Brazilian standards. The compressive strength of the bricks with 30% DWTS was 10.68&#xa0;MPa, and with 30% CWTS, it was 8.03&#xa0;MPa, above the norm for both non-structural (4&#xa0;MPa) and structural solid bricks (6&#xa0;MPa). DWTS is more environmentally friendly than CWTS due to the absence of greenhouse gas emissions during firing, reduced water usage in fabrication, and slightly improved mechanical performance. However, CWTS is recommended for finer ceramics requiring greater shrinkage control and exhibiting higher sensitivity during drying and firing.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable bricks from dry and calcined water treatment plant sludge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Luiza Beatriz Gamboa Araújo Morselli,
  • Lara Alves Gullo Do Carmo,
  • Rubens Camaratta,
  • Rafael Beltrame,
  • Maurizio Silveira Quadro,
  • Robson Andreazza

摘要

Several technologies have been implemented to provide environmental recycling for water treatment plant sludge (WTS), which has proved to be one of the most significant environmental challenges for water treatment plants today. Studies have proposed the recycling of dried WTS (DTWS) in the manufacture of ceramics bricks; however, some claim that the presence of organic matter is an important factor in the final ceramic properties. Regarding this concern, this research aimed to develop and characterize sustainable ceramic bricks using DWTS and calcined WTS at 600 °C (CWTS) as raw material, in partial replacement by clay. Physical and chemical analyses of the clay and the DWTS and CWTS and characterization of the developed bricks were carried out, comparing their physical, chemical, and mechanical performances. The results indicated that it is possible to manufacture ceramic bricks with up to 30% DWTS and 20% CWTS, following Brazilian standards. The compressive strength of the bricks with 30% DWTS was 10.68 MPa, and with 30% CWTS, it was 8.03 MPa, above the norm for both non-structural (4 MPa) and structural solid bricks (6 MPa). DWTS is more environmentally friendly than CWTS due to the absence of greenhouse gas emissions during firing, reduced water usage in fabrication, and slightly improved mechanical performance. However, CWTS is recommended for finer ceramics requiring greater shrinkage control and exhibiting higher sensitivity during drying and firing.

Graphical abstract