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<p>The palm oil industry generates significant waste, particularly oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). This study successfully converted these wastes into high-heating-value (HHV) biochar, bio-oil, and syngas through a combination of wet torrefaction and gasification processes, addressing a research gap in bioenergy co-production. EFB and POME underwent wet torrefaction at 200&#xa0;°C for 30&#xa0;min, producing biochar with an HHV of 22.6&#xa0;MJ/kg, a 31% increase from that of raw EFB. Subsequent gasification of the biochar at 700–900&#xa0;°C further enhanced the HHV to 23.8&#xa0;MJ/kg, a 38% increase from raw EFB. Gasification yielded biochar, bio-oil, and syngas in proportions of 39–55%, 12–20%, and 27–44%, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis of the syngas identified CO<sub>2</sub> (0.003&#xa0;mmol/mL), H<sub>2</sub> (0.002&#xa0;mmol/mL), CH<sub>4</sub> (0.002&#xa0;mmol/mL), and CO (0.005&#xa0;mmol/mL). The novelty of this paper lies in integrating wet torrefaction and gasification processes for the co-production of high-quality biochar and syngas from palm oil mill waste, particularly EFB and POME, offering a sustainable energy solution and addressing gaps in biomass conversion technologies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Conversion of palm oil mill wastes into high-value biochar and syngas using wet torrefaction and gasification with palm oil mill effluent as a liquid stream

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Nur Atiqah Mohamad Aziz,
  • Kai Ling Yu,
  • Hassan Mohamed,
  • Bidattul Syirat Zainal,
  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia,
  • Hwai Chyuan Ong,
  • Hamidah Abd Hamid,
  • Dina Kania,
  • Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin,
  • Taufiq Yun Hin Yap

摘要

The palm oil industry generates significant waste, particularly oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). This study successfully converted these wastes into high-heating-value (HHV) biochar, bio-oil, and syngas through a combination of wet torrefaction and gasification processes, addressing a research gap in bioenergy co-production. EFB and POME underwent wet torrefaction at 200 °C for 30 min, producing biochar with an HHV of 22.6 MJ/kg, a 31% increase from that of raw EFB. Subsequent gasification of the biochar at 700–900 °C further enhanced the HHV to 23.8 MJ/kg, a 38% increase from raw EFB. Gasification yielded biochar, bio-oil, and syngas in proportions of 39–55%, 12–20%, and 27–44%, respectively. Gas chromatography analysis of the syngas identified CO2 (0.003 mmol/mL), H2 (0.002 mmol/mL), CH4 (0.002 mmol/mL), and CO (0.005 mmol/mL). The novelty of this paper lies in integrating wet torrefaction and gasification processes for the co-production of high-quality biochar and syngas from palm oil mill waste, particularly EFB and POME, offering a sustainable energy solution and addressing gaps in biomass conversion technologies.

Graphical abstract