Experimental investigation of varying injection pressures and carbon nanotubes on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a CRDI engine using ternary fuels
摘要
This study investigates the combined impact of carbon nanotubes and diverse injection pressures (400-700 bar) on a CRDI engine operated with ternary fuels. The injections were executed at pressures of 400, 500, 600, and 700 bar with a standard injection timing of 230bTDC. This experimental analysis evaluates the performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion attributes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine fueled with ternary blends of diesel, bioethanol, and microalgae methyl ester. The study explores replacing up to 40% of diesel with biofuels to improve engine characteristics. At peak load with a 600 bar injection pressure, findings showed an 8.02% increase in BTE, and a 15.62% decline in BSFC and BSEC among the blends. The ternary fuel with 75 ppm of carbon nanotube (TF75CNT) blend demonstrated superior combustion characteristics, including higher in-cylinder pressure, HRR, and MGT, making it a viable diesel substitute that can reduce fuel dependency by 40% without engine modifications. Concerning emissions, a 600 bar injection pressure resulted in a 13.89% increase in NOx, but also a 50% decline in hydrocarbons and a 46.66% reduction in carbon monoxide at peak load. A 600 bar injection pressure significantly improved performance and combustion while substantially reducing emissions, with only a minor increase in NOx levels.
Graphical Abstract