<p>Multiple dimensions of energy sustainability, green technologies and carbon capture measures are crucial dimensions attracting government, policymakers and researchers. Therefore, the aim of the different green practices and carbon capture is to achieve a common goal of reducing environmental adversities. This study considers one of the converging issues of emerging green technologies and carbon capture measure while analyzing sustainability. For this purpose, the study captures a dataset from the period 1980 to 2023. Graphical and empirical results are listed showing most of the indicators are significant in determination of energy sustainability. Generalized method of moment results declared that geothermal and solar net electricity generation significantly affect income per capita while biomass and wind net electricity generation do not. For every thousand megawatt increase in solar net electricity generation, income will tend to decline by 5.499 unit per capita at purchasing power parity over time. This can also be observed that global land ocean temperature index positively affects income per capita by 862 percent units. The evidence suggests that policymakers must consider these factors when promoting solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy initiatives, and implementation of carbon capture measures requires substantial investment and environmental management.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>