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<p>The harm of PM2.5 is significant, severely affecting human health and environmental quality. As a green fiscal policy, fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction (ECERFP) aim to reduce PM2.5 emissions, thereby effectively improving air quality. Based on panel data from 1876 counties between 2003 and 2021, this paper systematically examines the relationship between ECERFP and PM2.5 concentration (PM2.5C) using a difference-in-differences with multiple time periods (MDID). The results indicate that: (1) ECERFP significantly reduce PM2.5C in pilot counties, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness checks. (2) ECERFP can effectively reduce PM2.5C through innovation effects and industrial structure effects. (3) The effect of ECERFP on reducing PM2.5C varies significantly across different types of cities. Specifically, these policies are more effective in non-old industrial bases, non-resource-based cities, and higher-tier cities. This study not only enriches the theoretical and empirical research on the impact of green fiscal policies on environmental quality but also provides valuable references for policymakers to implement more targeted ECERFP in different regions, thereby achieving more efficient pollution control and environmental protection goals.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Green fiscal interventions and air quality improvement: empirical insights on PM2.5 reduction from Chinese counties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Shen Zhong,
  • Zhicheng Zhou,
  • Xiaofeng Zhang,
  • Daizhi Jin

摘要

The harm of PM2.5 is significant, severely affecting human health and environmental quality. As a green fiscal policy, fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction (ECERFP) aim to reduce PM2.5 emissions, thereby effectively improving air quality. Based on panel data from 1876 counties between 2003 and 2021, this paper systematically examines the relationship between ECERFP and PM2.5 concentration (PM2.5C) using a difference-in-differences with multiple time periods (MDID). The results indicate that: (1) ECERFP significantly reduce PM2.5C in pilot counties, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness checks. (2) ECERFP can effectively reduce PM2.5C through innovation effects and industrial structure effects. (3) The effect of ECERFP on reducing PM2.5C varies significantly across different types of cities. Specifically, these policies are more effective in non-old industrial bases, non-resource-based cities, and higher-tier cities. This study not only enriches the theoretical and empirical research on the impact of green fiscal policies on environmental quality but also provides valuable references for policymakers to implement more targeted ECERFP in different regions, thereby achieving more efficient pollution control and environmental protection goals.

Graphical abstract