Purpose <p>Vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> is listed in the 2024 WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List as a high-priority agent of hospital-acquired infections. Its persistence is supported by marked genomic plasticity across human, animal, food, and environmental sources. We aimed to map antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence determinants, and clonal lineages of <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. reported in Brazil across these four sampling contexts.</p> Methods <p>Scoping review following JBI methodological guidance and reported per PRISMA-ScR. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, SciELO, LILACS) were searched without time restrictions in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Two reviewers screened studies in Rayyan and extracted data using a standardised instrument.</p> Results <p>A total of 133 studies (1999 to 2025) were included. Evidence was concentrated in the Southeast and South. Sixty-seven acquired resistance genes and 11 chromosomal mutations were identified across 14 species, predominantly <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i>. Twelve broadly reported genes, including <i>vanA</i>, <i>erm(B)</i>, and <i>tet(M)</i>, spanned all four One Health contexts. Of 67 <i>E. faecium</i> sequence types, 28 (42%) were assigned to CC17 according to the current PubMLST classification and were reported across 26 studies in six states. Forty-six virulence determinants were mapped, with nine adhesion- and biofilm-associated genes shared across all four contexts.</p> Conclusion <p><i>Enterococcus</i> resistance, virulence, and lineage diversity in Brazil show a structured but unevenly characterised distribution with substantial surveillance gaps relevant to infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. The co-occurrence of PubMLST-assigned CC17 STs and last-resort resistance genes across compartments underscores the need for coordinated genomic surveillance.</p> Graphical Abstract <p>The map gradient indicates the number of included studies per state (darker blue, more studies; grey, no included studies). Context colours are human (blue), animal (green), food (pink), and environmental (amber). The hospital-adapted lineage panel highlights PubMLST-assigned <i>E. faecium</i> CC17 STs reported outside human hospital settings: environmental ST32, ST168, and ST1893 in RJ and ST203 and ST412 in SP; animal ST22, ST25, ST56, and ST1274 in RJ and ST612 in SP; and food ST1336 in SP. Assignments use the clonal_complex field of the original <i>E. faecium</i> MLST scheme in PubMLST, accessed on 5 July 2026. Individual ST-level data are provided in Online Resource 5</p> <p></p>