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<p>Living in high-endemic regions increases the risk of intestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-Ent). This study investigated Swiss expatriates residing abroad (≥ 3 months) to assess their colonization status upon returning to Switzerland. Selective culture-based methods were implemented to detect third-generation cephalosporins- (3GC-R), carbapenems- (CR), and colistin-resistant (COL-R) strains. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize antimicrobial resistance genes, sequence type (ST), and phylogroup of MDR-Ent. Epidemiological data were analyzed using uni- and multivariable models to identify risk factors, providing crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Among 196 participants living across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe, the overall MDR-Ent colonization prevalence was 42.9%. Continent of residence emerged as a significant risk factor (<i>p</i> = 0.04) for colonization: Africa (adjusted OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0) and Asia (adjusted OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.5–15.0). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>Ec</i>) was the most frequent isolated species (<i>n</i> = 107 out of 119 Ent). Most 3GC-R-<i>Ec</i> possessed <i>bla</i><sub>CTX−M</sub> genes (<i>n</i> = 89; 83.2%) and pandemic lineages were frequent (e.g., ST69 and ST131, <i>n</i> = 18). No CR-Ent were detected, but some COL-R strains (<i>n</i> = 18; of which 15 <i>Ec</i>) harbored the <i>mcr-1.1</i> gene. Expatriates represent an understudied population at risk of MDR-Ent colonization. This population may contribute to the importation and potential dissemination of dangerous bacteria into low-prevalence countries, as shown in this Swiss study, warranting further investigation and surveillance.</p>

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Epidemiology and risk factors of expatriates returning to Switzerland colonized at the intestinal level with multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • Edgar I. Campos-Madueno,
  • Claudia Aldeia,
  • Marie C. Roumet,
  • Andreas Limacher,
  • Parham Sendi,
  • Andrea Endimiani

摘要

Living in high-endemic regions increases the risk of intestinal colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-Ent). This study investigated Swiss expatriates residing abroad (≥ 3 months) to assess their colonization status upon returning to Switzerland. Selective culture-based methods were implemented to detect third-generation cephalosporins- (3GC-R), carbapenems- (CR), and colistin-resistant (COL-R) strains. Whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize antimicrobial resistance genes, sequence type (ST), and phylogroup of MDR-Ent. Epidemiological data were analyzed using uni- and multivariable models to identify risk factors, providing crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Among 196 participants living across Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Europe, the overall MDR-Ent colonization prevalence was 42.9%. Continent of residence emerged as a significant risk factor (p = 0.04) for colonization: Africa (adjusted OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–11.0) and Asia (adjusted OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.5–15.0). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (Ec) was the most frequent isolated species (n = 107 out of 119 Ent). Most 3GC-R-Ec possessed blaCTX−M genes (n = 89; 83.2%) and pandemic lineages were frequent (e.g., ST69 and ST131, n = 18). No CR-Ent were detected, but some COL-R strains (n = 18; of which 15 Ec) harbored the mcr-1.1 gene. Expatriates represent an understudied population at risk of MDR-Ent colonization. This population may contribute to the importation and potential dissemination of dangerous bacteria into low-prevalence countries, as shown in this Swiss study, warranting further investigation and surveillance.