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Background <p>Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system inflammatory disease that causes severe disability. Differently from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) a group of patients present aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies in the serum. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, cytokine profiles may impact disease activity and severity.</p> Objective <p>To analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels in NMOSD AQP4 + and their relationship with neurological disability, comparing findings with RRMS patients and non-inflammatory controls (NIC).</p> Methods <p>Sixty-four participants were recruited: 11 NMOSD AQP4+, 29 RRMS, and 24 NIC. CSF cytokine levels were measured using a multiplex assay. Group comparisons were performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, while linear regression models evaluated the association between cytokine levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.</p> Results <p>NMOSD AQP4 + patients displayed significantly higher CSF levels of IL-1β (<i>p</i> = 0.040), TNF-α (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), G-CSF (<i>p</i> = 0.003), Eotaxin (<i>p</i> = 0.008), and MIP-1α (<i>p</i> = 0.005) compared to RRMS and NIC. Moreover, IL-1β CSF levels were positively associated with disability at the time of lumbar puncture (β = 22.24, SE = 7.73, <i>p</i> = 0.018), a relationship that remained significant after adjusting for age (β = 18.96, SE = 6.33, <i>p</i> = 0.040).</p> Conclusions <p>Expression of proinflammatory cytokines may differ between NMOSD and RRMS. Elevated IL-1β levels in NMOSD AQP4 + patients are associated with neurological disability, suggesting a potential role as a biomarker of disease severity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-1β in NMOSD.</p>

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IL-1β contributes to neurological disability in NMOSD AQP4 + Patients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Antonio Bruno,
  • Angela Borrelli,
  • Gianluca Lauritano,
  • Sonia Di Lemme,
  • Veronica Di Caprio,
  • Roberta Fantozzi,
  • Ettore Dolcetti,
  • Federica Azzolini,
  • Luana Gilio,
  • Giovanni Galifi,
  • Roberto Furlan,
  • Annamaria Finardi,
  • Francesca De Vito,
  • Alessandra Musella,
  • Georgia Mandolesi,
  • Mario Stampanoni Bassi,
  • Diego Centonze,
  • Fabio Buttari

摘要

Background

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system inflammatory disease that causes severe disability. Differently from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) a group of patients present aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies in the serum. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, cytokine profiles may impact disease activity and severity.

Objective

To analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels in NMOSD AQP4 + and their relationship with neurological disability, comparing findings with RRMS patients and non-inflammatory controls (NIC).

Methods

Sixty-four participants were recruited: 11 NMOSD AQP4+, 29 RRMS, and 24 NIC. CSF cytokine levels were measured using a multiplex assay. Group comparisons were performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, while linear regression models evaluated the association between cytokine levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.

Results

NMOSD AQP4 + patients displayed significantly higher CSF levels of IL-1β (p = 0.040), TNF-α (p < 0.001), G-CSF (p = 0.003), Eotaxin (p = 0.008), and MIP-1α (p = 0.005) compared to RRMS and NIC. Moreover, IL-1β CSF levels were positively associated with disability at the time of lumbar puncture (β = 22.24, SE = 7.73, p = 0.018), a relationship that remained significant after adjusting for age (β = 18.96, SE = 6.33, p = 0.040).

Conclusions

Expression of proinflammatory cytokines may differ between NMOSD and RRMS. Elevated IL-1β levels in NMOSD AQP4 + patients are associated with neurological disability, suggesting a potential role as a biomarker of disease severity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-1β in NMOSD.