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<p>Reliable allergen detection in increasingly complex and globally distributed food systems demands analytical platforms that overcome the limitations of ELISA, PCR, and traditional biosensors. CRISPR-based diagnostics provide exceptional specificity and programmability, yet their practical performance depends heavily on signal amplification efficiency, enzyme stability, and tolerance to inhibitors commonly present in processed food matrices. Integrating nanomaterials with CRISPR systems offers powerful enhancements in sensitivity, kinetics, and matrix robustness, but a unified evaluation of this convergence is still lacking. This review critically examines CRISPR–nanotechnology-enabled allergen detection by integrating insights on biomarker selection, Cas enzyme architectures, nanomaterial-mediated signal engineering, and emerging device formats including microfluidics, lateral flow assays, and smartphone-based platforms. Persistent challenges such as quantification, multiplexing, reagent stability, and regulatory validation are highlighted. By mapping these technological dependencies and bottlenecks, this review provides a clear roadmap for advancing CRISPR-integrated nanobiosensors toward rapid, ultra-sensitive, and field-deployable allergen monitoring solutions.</p>

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CRISPR-integrated nanobiosensors for rapid and ultra-sensitive food allergen detection: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Md. Dipu Malitha,
  • Harshita Jain,
  • Zayzay Wolobah,
  • Wisdom Archford Munzeiwa,
  • Lovepreet Singh,
  • Narendra Kumar Sharma

摘要

Reliable allergen detection in increasingly complex and globally distributed food systems demands analytical platforms that overcome the limitations of ELISA, PCR, and traditional biosensors. CRISPR-based diagnostics provide exceptional specificity and programmability, yet their practical performance depends heavily on signal amplification efficiency, enzyme stability, and tolerance to inhibitors commonly present in processed food matrices. Integrating nanomaterials with CRISPR systems offers powerful enhancements in sensitivity, kinetics, and matrix robustness, but a unified evaluation of this convergence is still lacking. This review critically examines CRISPR–nanotechnology-enabled allergen detection by integrating insights on biomarker selection, Cas enzyme architectures, nanomaterial-mediated signal engineering, and emerging device formats including microfluidics, lateral flow assays, and smartphone-based platforms. Persistent challenges such as quantification, multiplexing, reagent stability, and regulatory validation are highlighted. By mapping these technological dependencies and bottlenecks, this review provides a clear roadmap for advancing CRISPR-integrated nanobiosensors toward rapid, ultra-sensitive, and field-deployable allergen monitoring solutions.