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<p>We evaluated the dissipation of hexaconazole and indoxacarb residues in brown and polished rice during processing using gas chromatography-micro electron capture detection, and assessed risk using processing factors (PFs). Initial residue levels were 6.55/0.56&#xa0;mg/kg (hexaconazole) and 1.04/0.12&#xa0;mg/kg (indoxacarb) for brown and polished rice, respectively. Higher washing water temperature, ratio, and cycles increased residue reduction (23.5–89.3% for hexaconazole; 6.7–100% for indoxacarb), while cooking further reduced levels to 61.5–100% and 57.7–100%, respectively. During 180-day storage at 13, 23, and 38&#xa0;°C, hexaconazole decreased by 6% (brown) and 14.3–28.6% (polished), whereas indoxacarb dissipation was 3.8 and 0%, respectively. Chronic exposure assessment showed that applying PFs lowered the acceptable daily intake by 29.9–99%, and the acute risk of indoxacarb was negligible (0.19–1.50% of acute reference dose). Therefore, incorporating PFs enables realistic risk assessment of processed staple foods and provides baseline data for establishing maximum residue limits for new pesticides.</p>

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Variation in hexaconazole and indoxacarb residues in rice by washing, cooking and storage period, and risk assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Changhyeon Park,
  • Myungheon Kim,
  • Mihyun Cho,
  • Jaebin Im,
  • Moo-Hyeog Im

摘要

We evaluated the dissipation of hexaconazole and indoxacarb residues in brown and polished rice during processing using gas chromatography-micro electron capture detection, and assessed risk using processing factors (PFs). Initial residue levels were 6.55/0.56 mg/kg (hexaconazole) and 1.04/0.12 mg/kg (indoxacarb) for brown and polished rice, respectively. Higher washing water temperature, ratio, and cycles increased residue reduction (23.5–89.3% for hexaconazole; 6.7–100% for indoxacarb), while cooking further reduced levels to 61.5–100% and 57.7–100%, respectively. During 180-day storage at 13, 23, and 38 °C, hexaconazole decreased by 6% (brown) and 14.3–28.6% (polished), whereas indoxacarb dissipation was 3.8 and 0%, respectively. Chronic exposure assessment showed that applying PFs lowered the acceptable daily intake by 29.9–99%, and the acute risk of indoxacarb was negligible (0.19–1.50% of acute reference dose). Therefore, incorporating PFs enables realistic risk assessment of processed staple foods and provides baseline data for establishing maximum residue limits for new pesticides.