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<p>A green extraction method was developed to extract betalains from red beetroot using a type-II deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The DES composition was optimized by identifying the most effective molar ratio (2:1) and water content (30%, <i>v/v</i>) based on total betalain yield. Major pigments were identified and quantified by Q-TOF/MS and HPLC, respectively. The physicochemical and structural properties of the optimized DES were evaluated through viscosity, pH, and FTIR analyses. Response surface methodology with a central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction, and temperature and time showed significant effects on pigment recovery. The fitted polynomial models demonstrated suitable predictive performance, and the optimized conditions produced experimental values that closely matched the predicted responses. The selected DES enhanced pigment stability compared with water. These results highlight the potential of type-II DES as an effective green solvent for betalain extraction and stabilization.</p>

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Green extraction of betalains from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) using a type-II deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Hyeonho Kim,
  • Tae Gyu Nam

摘要

A green extraction method was developed to extract betalains from red beetroot using a type-II deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. The DES composition was optimized by identifying the most effective molar ratio (2:1) and water content (30%, v/v) based on total betalain yield. Major pigments were identified and quantified by Q-TOF/MS and HPLC, respectively. The physicochemical and structural properties of the optimized DES were evaluated through viscosity, pH, and FTIR analyses. Response surface methodology with a central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction, and temperature and time showed significant effects on pigment recovery. The fitted polynomial models demonstrated suitable predictive performance, and the optimized conditions produced experimental values that closely matched the predicted responses. The selected DES enhanced pigment stability compared with water. These results highlight the potential of type-II DES as an effective green solvent for betalain extraction and stabilization.