Objective The study identifies risk factors for SLE-associated Sjögren’s syndrome (SLE-SS), based on multiple cohorts and meta-analysis. Methods Three cohorts (Luzhou cohort, Enshi cohort, and Chengdu cohort) were initially conducted, and clinical, laboratory characteristics from patients with SLE-only and SLE-SS patients were collected and we discussed risk factors related to SLE-SS. Subsequently, a meta-analysis discussed risk factors related to SLE-SS risk from published articles and our studies. Results For original cohort studies, 1904 SLE patients were included in the Luzhou cohort, and there were 36 SLE-SS patients. Results showed that factors such as age (OR = 1.07), anti-SSB ( +) (OR = 3.68), and anti-RNP ( +) (OR = 3.42) were risk factors for SLE-SS risk. In the Enshi cohort, 386 SLE patients were included, and there were 18 SLE-SS patients. Results showed that factors such as age (OR = 1.10), ANA ( +) (OR = 0.08), and RF ( +) (OR = 20.09) were positively related to SLE-SS risk. For the Chengdu cohort, 658 SLE patients were recruited, and 88 were SLE-SS patients. Factors such as age (OR = 1.03), ANA ( +) (OR = 0.40), anti-SSA ( +) (OR = 6.23), and anti-SSB ( +) (OR = 3.03) were risk factors for SLE-SS development. In the meta-analysis, 15 original studies were discussed. The meta-analysis identified several risk factors for SLE-SS, including age, anti-SSA ( +), anti-SSB ( +), RF ( +), Raynaud’s phenomenon ( +), hematuria ( +) and pulmonary involvement ( +). Conclusion Age, autoantibodies (including anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-RNP), RF, and clinical features (including Raynaud’s phenomenon, hematuria, and pulmonary involvement) serve as risk factors for SLE-SS patients.<Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry align="left" nameend="c2" namest="c1"> Key Points • Age is a demographic risk factor for SLE-SS; clinical and laboratory characteristics like Raynaud’s phenomenon, hematuria, anti-SSA (+) are SLE-SS risk factors. • Meta-analysis showed that characteristics like pulmonary involvement (+), anti-SSB (+), and RF (+) as additional risk factors distinguished SLE-SS patients. </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table>

Risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated Sjögren’s syndrome: multicenter case–control studies and systematic review

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年8月27日

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Rui-Cen Li,
Xiao-Yan Liu,
Lu Fu,
You-Yu Lan,
An-Fang Huang,
Yun-Wei Li,
Wang-Dong Xu

摘要

Objective

The study identifies risk factors for SLE-associated Sjögren’s syndrome (SLE-SS), based on multiple cohorts and meta-analysis.

Methods

Three cohorts (Luzhou cohort, Enshi cohort, and Chengdu cohort) were initially conducted, and clinical, laboratory characteristics from patients with SLE-only and SLE-SS patients were collected and we discussed risk factors related to SLE-SS. Subsequently, a meta-analysis discussed risk factors related to SLE-SS risk from published articles and our studies.

Results

For original cohort studies, 1904 SLE patients were included in the Luzhou cohort, and there were 36 SLE-SS patients. Results showed that factors such as age (OR = 1.07), anti-SSB ( +) (OR = 3.68), and anti-RNP ( +) (OR = 3.42) were risk factors for SLE-SS risk. In the Enshi cohort, 386 SLE patients were included, and there were 18 SLE-SS patients. Results showed that factors such as age (OR = 1.10), ANA ( +) (OR = 0.08), and RF ( +) (OR = 20.09) were positively related to SLE-SS risk. For the Chengdu cohort, 658 SLE patients were recruited, and 88 were SLE-SS patients. Factors such as age (OR = 1.03), ANA ( +) (OR = 0.40), anti-SSA ( +) (OR = 6.23), and anti-SSB ( +) (OR = 3.03) were risk factors for SLE-SS development. In the meta-analysis, 15 original studies were discussed. The meta-analysis identified several risk factors for SLE-SS, including age, anti-SSA ( +), anti-SSB ( +), RF ( +), Raynaud’s phenomenon ( +), hematuria ( +) and pulmonary involvement ( +).

Conclusion

Age, autoantibodies (including anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-RNP), RF, and clinical features (including Raynaud’s phenomenon, hematuria, and pulmonary involvement) serve as risk factors for SLE-SS patients.

Key Points

• Age is a demographic risk factor for SLE-SS; clinical and laboratory characteristics like Raynaud’s phenomenon, hematuria, anti-SSA (+) are SLE-SS risk factors.

• Meta-analysis showed that characteristics like pulmonary involvement (+), anti-SSB (+), and RF (+) as additional risk factors distinguished SLE-SS patients.